海军青少年航空学校学生职业动机训练研究

Research on career motivation training for students of Naval Junior Aviation School

目的:研制海军青少年航空学校学生职业动机训练方案并对学生进行训练,以稳定和增强学生的职业动机。方法:用随机整群抽样方法选取111名学生(其中试验组62人,对照组49人),采用海军青少年航空学校学生职业动机问卷对学生进行职业动机前测。对试验组学生进行为期4个月、共计7次630 min的飞行职业动机训练,对照组不进行训练。分别于训练中期、训练结束后对2组学生进行职业动机中测、后测。分析职业动机水平的变化情况及职业动机与年级、生源地、独生子女情况等人口学因素之间的关系。结果:(1)训练后,试验组学生保持了较高水平的职业动机[前测职业动机总分为(81.92±9.67)分,后测职业动机总分为(81.92±10.72)分,t=0.00,df=61,P>0.05],对照组学生的职业动机水平下降[前测职业动机总分为(85.45±10.47)分,后测职业动机总分为(83.08±10.31)分,t=2.04,df=48,P<0.05]。(2)职业动机在年级与组别上存在显著的交互作用(SS=1851.39,MS=1851.39,df=1,F=18.531,P<0.001)。对照组学生的职业动机总分从高一到高二明显下降(P<0.01),试验组学生的职业动机分数没有显著变化(P>0.05)。(3)对地级城市学生的职业动机训练效果好于县级市和乡镇/农村学生[职业动机总分:地级城市学生(88.50±10.75)分,县级城市学生(76.50±10.25)分,乡镇/农村学生(79.27±8.18)分;P<0.01)]。(4)训练后试验组独生子女的职业弹性没有变化(P>0.05),但对照组独生子女的职业弹性明显下降[前测(27.33±2.94)分,后测(24.50±3.62)分,t=2.996,df=5,P<0.05]。结论:职业动机训练对稳定海军青少年航空学校学生舰载飞行职业动机具有显著效果,建议在海军青少年航空学校中推广应用该职业动机训练方案。

Objective:To develop a career motivation training program to stabilize and strengthen the motivation of high school students in Naval Junior Aviation Schools.Methods:A total of 111 students from a naval junior aviation school,with 62 students in experimental group and 49 students in control group,were pre-tested by the career motivation questionnaire for Naval Junior Aviation School students(CMQFNJAS).The students in the experimental group were given seven times of career motivation training in four months,with each time lasts for 630 minutes;while the students in the control group were given none.The mid-term test and post-term test of career motivations were conducted on the two groups of students in the middle of training and after training.Analyses were conducted on the changes in the level of career motivation and the relationship between career motivation and demographic factors such as grade,place of origin,and whether the student was the only children in his/her family or not.Results:(1)Students in the experimental group maintained a high level of career motivation after training(total score of career motivation in pre-term test:81.92±9.67,total score of career motivation in post-term test:81.92±10.72,t=0.00,df=61,P>0.05),while the career motivation level students in the control group reduced(total score of career motivation in pre-term test:85.45±10.47,total score of career motivation in post-term test:83.08±10.31,t=2.04,df=48,P<0.05).(2)There were significant interactions between grade and group in terms of the total score of career motivation(SS=1851.39,MS=1851.39,df=1,F=18.531,P<0.001).The students in the control group showed a significant decrease in their total scores of career motivation from the first year to the second year(P<0.01),while no such significant change was found in the total scores of career motivation of students of different grades in the experimental group(P>0.05).(3)The training had a better effect on students from prefecture-level cities than those from county-level cities and rural areas(total score of students’career motivation from prefecture-level cities:88.50±10.75;total score of students’career motivation from county-level cities:76.50±10.25;total score of students’career motivation from rural areas:79.27±8.18;P<0.01).(4)Career flexibility of the children from one-child family in the experimental group did not change after training,while that of the children from one-child families in the control group decreased significantly(pre-term test career flexibility:27.33±2.94,post-term test career flexibility:24.50±3.62;t=2.996,df=5,P<0.05).Conclusions:Career motivation training has a significant effect on stabilizing students’career motivation from Naval Junior Aviation Schools in taking up shipborne flying as their lifelong occupation.It is recommended that the career motivation training program be promoted in naval junior aviation schools in China.