基于终点需求可变的市域旅游客流运输均衡分配模型

Equilibrium Model of the City Tourist Flow Transport Assignment Based on Variable Terminal Demand

以旅游者到达目的地城市后的运输优化问题为研究对象,为减少旅游景点游客量和市域客运网运输量失衡的现象,提出了一种基于旅游终点需求可变的运输均衡分配模型。首先,基于旅游者的完整出行过程分析,构建了目的地城市内部旅游客流的交通运输网络;其次,基于市域内旅游出行起点需求固定但终点需求可变的旅游客流出行特征给出了旅游客流出行分布函数形式,建立了基于终点需求可变的市域旅游客流运输分配模型,通过其一阶最优化条件证明了在均衡状态下,旅游客运分布量能满足Logit形式的出行分布函数和出行发生量约束,旅游客流运输分配量能满足用户均衡条件;最后,基于凸组合法的思想设计了模型的求解算法,并在简化的黄山市旅游客流运输网络分配实例中验证了模型与算法的可行性。研究结果表明:旅游终点吸引度的变化和运输线路广义费用阻抗的变化可以同时影响旅游出行需求分布量,运输线路运能的增加可以提高旅游客流分配量,决策部门可通过调整运输网络节点的吸引度来平衡市域旅游资源,运输企业可通过调整运力配置,改善旅游客运服务能力。

Taking the transportation optimization problem after tourists arriving at the destination city as the research object,in order to reduce the imbalance between the tourist volume of tourist attractions and the transportation volume of the urban passenger transport network,a transportation equilibrium allocation model based on the variable demand of the tourist destination was proposed.First of all,based on the analysis of the complete travel process of tourists,the traffic and transportation network of tourist flow within the destination city was constructed.Secondly,based on the travel characteristics of tourism passenger flow with fixed starting point demand and variable terminal demand in the city,the travel distribution function form of tourism passenger flow was given,and the transportation assignment model of tourist flow based on variable terminal demand was established.Through its first-order optimization conditions,it is proved that in the equilibrium state,the distribution of tourism passenger transport can meet the travel distribution function and travel occurrence constraints in the form of Logit,and the distribution of tourism passenger transport can meet the user equilibrium conditions.Finally,the solution algorithm of the proposed model was designed based on the idea of convex combination method,and the feasibility of the proposed model and algorithm was verified in a simplified example of Huangshan tourism passenger flow transportation network allocation.The research results show that the change of attractiveness of tourism terminal and the change of generalized cost impedance of transport routes can affect the distribution of tourism travel demand at the same time,and the increase of transport capacity can improve the distribution of tourist flow.Therefore,the decision-making departments can balance the tourism resources in the city by adjusting the attractiveness of the transport network nodes,and the transport enterprises can improve the service capacity of tourism passenger transport by adjusting the allocation of transport capacity.