农牧交错区乡村空间特征与低碳社区营建探讨

Discussion on Rural Spatial Characteristics and Construction of Low Carbon Community in Farming Pastoral Ecotone

乡村振兴是我国节能减碳的新阵地,在农业农村实现“双碳”目标是落实乡村振兴的重要举措。以内蒙古科右前旗六个乡村为例,通过乡村社区空间特征测度、能源消耗碳计量、因子分析、回归分析等方法,探讨农牧交错区乡村社区空间特征与碳排放之间的相关性。结果表明:(1)乡村社区以能源消耗过程产生的碳排放为主,主要用能组团为宅院、商铺、交通、产业、公服等;(2)因子分析将九项乡村空间特征降维为建设强度因子、形态格局因子、土地利用因子三个主因子,累计方差贡献率为85.687%;(3)乡村社区形态规则程度、建设强度,土地利用复杂度与夏季能源消耗碳排放呈正相关,乡村社区形态规则程度、景观格局复杂度、工业用地占比与冬季能源消耗碳排放呈正相关。建议完善农牧交错区乡村规划体系,强化低碳适应性的空间组织结构,控制建设强度与修复整治破碎生态斑块,规划清晰的乡村社区功能,再造乡土建筑并探索新的清洁能源生产-利用模式。

Rural revitalization is a new front for energy saving and carbon reduction in China,and achieving the goal of ‘carbon peaking and carbon neutrality'in agriculture and rural areas is an important measure to implement rural revitalization.The correlation between the spatial patterns of rural communities and energy consumption carbon emissions is quantitatively revealed by taking six rural villages in Horqin right front banner,Inner Mongolia as examples.The results show that(1)the main channels of carbon emissions from energy consumption in rural communities are fuel combustion and electricity consumption,and the main energy-using groups are houses,stores,transportation,industries,public services,etc.;(2)factor analysis downscaled the nine rural spatial characteristics into three main factors:construction intensity factor,morphological pattern factor,and land use factor;(3)the degree of regularity of rural community morphology,construction intensity,land use complexity and summer energy consumption carbon emissions are positively correlated,and the degree of regularity of rural community morphology,landscape pattern complexity and industrial land use ratio are positively correlated with winter season energy consumption carbon emissions.We should control the construction intensity,integrate broken ecological patches,plan intensive community clusters,and explore new clean energy production and utilization models.