玉米青秸秆还田对土壤理化性状及连作黄瓜生长发育的影响

Effects of maize straw returning on soil physicochemical properties and continuous cropping cucumber growth and development

黄瓜是我国栽培面积最大的蔬菜作物之一,生产上连作障碍是影响设施黄瓜绿色高效生产的重要因素。试验选择种植黄瓜多年的设施田块,设置不同玉米播种密度,分析夏季玉米青秸秆还田对土壤容重、孔隙度及氮、磷、钾等土壤养分含量的变化,探究对连作黄瓜生长发育的影响。结果表明:不同种植密度玉米青秸秆还田显著降低土壤容重,提高或显著提高土壤总孔隙度;旋耕还田后各处理土壤养分含量在高温闷棚及后续黄瓜种植过程中不断发生变化,秋季黄瓜和翌年春季黄瓜种植结束后,各处理土壤养分含量均高于或显著高于对照;玉米青秸秆还田能显著提高黄瓜的株高、叶片数及节长,提高或显著提高黄瓜果实中蛋白质、可溶性糖、维生素C、总黄酮及酚酸含量,同时对提高黄瓜结果数、单果重和产量均有显著效果。在不同玉米播种密度处理中,以20 cm×20 cm、20 cm×30 cm 2种玉米播种密度对改善土壤理化性状、提高连作黄瓜果实品质及产量效果较为理想。

Cucumber(Cucumis sativus L.)is one of the most widely cultivated vegetables in China.Continuous cropping obstacle is one of the most important factors affecting cucumber green and efficient production.In this study,the effects of maize straw returning and its planting density on soil bulk density,porosity,nutrient contents(e.g.nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium),and cucumber growth and development were investigated in long-term cucumber monoculture fields.The results showed that straw incorporation significantly reduced soil bulk density and increased soil total porosity,which were also influenced by maize planting density.After rotary tillage and heat treatment,soil nutrient contents were significantly elevated in straw incorporated fields.Besides,maize straw incorporation significantly increased cucumber height,leaf number and node length,yield,and contents of protein,soluble sugar,vitamin C,total flavonoids and phenolic acid in the cucumber fruit.Among the different treatments,20 cm×20 cm and 20 cm×30 cm were the most suitable corn planting density for improving soil physical and chemical properties,fruit quality and yield of cucumber.