文化语境、释义障碍与阐释效度

Cultural Context,Barriers to Interpretation and Validity of Interpretation

文本具有基本信息和作者意图两重意义。读者通过对文本的语义分析得出基本信息;作者意图蕴含在文本中,称为含意。对含意的理解需要经过一个非论证性推理的过程:读者依据作者提供的语言信息,激活与文本生产最佳相关的语境要素,推导出作者的意图;影响推理过程的关键项为作者与文本相关联的知识所构成的文化语境。以跨文化交流中最具代表性的翻译为例,可以阐明由于译者与作者之间存在着不可消除的文化语境视域差异,形成对作者意图的理解之难。廓清翻译学在从格义论到知识翻译论的发展过程中对于相关问题的探索轨迹,可以展示在翻译的理论与实践中释义障碍、阐释效度与译文标准等基本问题的缠绕式发展进路。

A literary text contains two types of meaning:its basic meaning and the author's intention.The reader grasps the basic meaning through semantic analysis of the text,while the author's intention(termed implicature in pragmatics)is implied in the text.Our understanding of the implicature requires a process of nondemonstrative inference on the part of the reader:the linguistic information provided by the author activates the optimal relevant contextual factors that allow the reader to infer the author's intention.The key factor in the process of inference is the cultural context of the author when creating the text.With special reference to translation,the most typical form of cross-cultural communication,we elaborate in this essay the barriers to interpretation that arise in translating the author's intentions due to the inevitable asymmetry of the cultural contexts of the author and the interpreter.We also briefly review the schools of translation studies from koyi to transknowletology to show the general evolution of the fundamental issues of barriers to interpretation,validity of interpretation and standard of translation in both theory and practice.