咸淡水交替灌溉对冬小麦生理生化特征及产量的影响

Effects of Alternate Irrigation with Brackish and Fresh Water on Physiological and Biochemical property and Yield of Winter Wheat

为了合理利用微咸水资源,制定适宜的微咸水灌溉制度,选择典型灌区开展田间试验研究,设置矿化度、灌溉定额2个因素,以及淡水-淡水(T_(1))、淡水-淡水-淡水(T_(2))、淡水-微咸水(T_(3))、淡水-微咸水-微咸水(T_(4))4个灌溉方案,研究咸淡水交替灌溉对冬小麦生理生化特征及产量的影响。结果表明:微咸水灌溉的各土层含盐量较淡水灌溉的显著提高;拔节期灌溉后3 d,方案T_(4)的最大荧光产量增加17.73%,叶片脯氨酸、可溶性还原糖分别增加12.89%、57.63%;灌浆期灌溉前,方案T_(3)、T_(4)的土壤含盐量显著提高,叶片净光合速率减小22.52%~25.35%;灌浆期灌溉后6 d,方案T_(4)的最大荧光产量、最大光化学量子产量分别增加6.44%、1.38%,脯氨酸、可溶性还原糖含量分别减小19.09%、5.87%,说明微咸水灌溉可以缓解干旱胁迫;与方案T_(1)、T_(3)相比,方案T_(4)的千粒重显著增大,产量分别提高12.24%~12.81%。

To make rational use of brackish water resources,a suitable brackish water irrigation scheduling was formulated,and typical irrigation areas were selected to carry out field experiment research.Setting up two factors of salinity and irrigation quota,as well as four irrigation schemes of fresh water-fresh water(T_(1)),fresh water-fresh water-fresh water(T_(2)),fresh water-brackish water(T_(3)),and fresh water-brackish water-brackish water(T_(4)),the effects of alternate irrigation with brackish and fresh water on physiological and biochemical property and yield of winter wheat were studied.The results show that the salt content of each soil layer increases significantly after brackish water irrigation compared with fresh water irrigation.The maximum fluorescence yield of scheme T_(4)increases by 17.73%3 d after shooting stage irrigation,and the contents of proline and soluble reducing sugar in leaves increase by 12.89%and 57.63%respectively.The salt content of soil of schemes T_(3)and T_(4)significantly increase before filling stage irrigation,and the net photosynthetic rate of leaves decreases by 22.52%to 25.35%.The maximum fluorescence yield and photochemical quantum yield of scheme T_(4)increase by 6.44%and 1.38%respectively 6 d after filling stage irrigation,and the proline and soluble reducing sugar decrease by 19.09%and 5.87%respectively,indicating that brackish water irrigation can alleviate drought stress.Compared with schemes T_(1)and T_(3),the 1000-grain weight of scheme T_(4)significantly increases,and the yield increases by 12.24%to 12.81%respectively.