社会资本参与东北国有林区生态保护修复的策略研究

Study on the Strategies of Social Capital s Participation in Ecological Protection and Restoration of the State-owned Forest Regions in Northeast China

基于公共产品理论、社会资本的相关理论,论证社会资本参与林区生态保护修复工程是否加强和改进了生态修复工作,同时分析社会资本参与生态修复工程存在的机遇和挑战。研究表明:社会资本参与东北国有林区生态保护修复工程具有显著优势且在实践中取得成效,社会资本的参与拓宽了融资渠道、使生态保护修复程度有所提高、能够全程参与生态保护修复全生命周期的运营管护。因此,为进一步形成全社会参与到林区生态保护修复良好氛围,实现生态保护修复的系统化治理和高质量发展,东北国有林区生态恢复工程须以市场手段鼓励和支持多元化投资为抓手,构建生态环境导向的社会资本投入机制、提升科技支撑能力并创新项目模式,建立并完善生态保护修复项目回报制度。

⑴Background——The state-owned forest regions in Northeast China are the key regions of national ecological construction.Taking the road of marketization and attracting a large number of social capital to actively participate in forest ecological protection and restoration is an important way to practice the idea of ecological civilization.⑵Methods——Based on the theory of public goods and social capital,this paper makes an in-depth analysis on the marketization of forest ecological protection and restoration,and discusses the“failure”problem of social capital's participation in forest ecological protection and restoration from the aspects of financing mechanism and return mechanism.⑶Results——The participation of social capital in the ecological protection and restoration projects in the state-owned forest regions in Northeast China has significant advantages.First,it can promote the diversification of investment entities,which mainly include private enterprises,foreign investors,third-party organizations,and the state-owned enterprises and institutions in other places,etc.Second,the cooperation between government and social capital can realize complementary advantages and reduce management costs.Third,forest ecological protection and restoration can be achieved through advanced technical means,professional machinery and equipment,and highly-qualified professionals,and the technical level of forestry ecological protection can be improved.Fourth,the channels for the participation of social capital in the forest ecological protection and restoration are unimpeded,which can help better implement ecological restoration projects and promote the regeneration and utilization of forest resources.The research shows that social capital's participation in ecological project restoration in the state-owned forest regions in Northeast China has achieved certain results in practice,including:social capital's participation broadens the financing channels of ecological protection and restoration;The governance modes of social capital's participation in ecological protection and restoration show a diversified trend,which improves the degree of ecological protection and restoration;The participation of social capital in the whole process realizes the operation and management of the full life cycle of ecological protection and restoration.⑷Conclusions and Discussions——Based on the above analysis,this paper puts forward the following policy suggestions on social capital's participation in ecological environmental protection and restoration of the state-owned forest regions in Northeast China:First,market means should be used to encourage and support diversified investment,establish an eco-environment-oriented social capital investment mechanism,and adopt industrial chain extension,joint operation,combined development and other methods to form a virtuous cycle in the supply of funds for eco-environmental governance and the creation of economic value.Second,encourage relevant industries to enhance their scientific and technological support capacity and improve their level of technical services,reasonably define the rights and obligations of all parties,take the project as the core,innovate the projects models,and determine the tasks of ecological protection and restoration.Third,establish and improve the return system for ecological protection and restoration projects,reflect the market allocation concept of“risk sharing and benefit sharing”,seek a balance between government payments and the maximization of returns for social capital,and create an incentive mechanism and atmosphere for the whole society to participate in the ecological protection and restoration of mountains,rivers,forests,fields,lakes,grass and sand,promote systematic governance and high-quality development of ecological protection and restoration.