林地细碎化程度对林农营林投入行为的影响

The Impact of the Degree of Forestlands Fragmentation on the Forest Farmers'Forests Management Inputs

基于2018年集体林权制度改革监测的1946份林农调查数据,从资本投入和劳动力投入两个角度出发,以S指数衡量林地细碎化程度,运用Tobit模型研究林地细碎化对林农营林投入行为的影响。研究表明:陕闽湘辽四省的S值均值为0.397,存在明显的林地细碎化问题,林地细碎化对林农的资本投入和劳动力投入产生了显著的负向影响,不利于林农营林投入行为;林农的家庭禀赋特征和林地特征也不同程度地影响了林农营林投入行为,而个人特征中仅林业培训对林农营林投入行为具有显著的促进作用。因此,为了削弱林地细碎化对林农营林积极性的负面影响,应通过完善林地流转政策、实施扶持政策,通过鼓励林农参加联户经营、发展林业合作组织等方式,改善林地细碎化问题;并结合区域特点,加强组织宣传、落实林业培训,使林农自愿增加营林投入。

⑴Background——The complex terrain,diverse landforms,a large population and the policy of“equal distribution of forestlands”intensify the degree of collective forestlands fragmentation in China,which has a negative impact on forestry production.However,the existing researches ignore the feature that the minimum input of forest farmers'forests management is 0 under the realistic conditions.⑵Methods——This paper selected Shaanxi Province,Liaoning Province,Fujian Province and Hunan Province as sample provinces.From the perspective of labor input and capital input of the forest farmers,S index was used to measure the degree of collective forestlands fragmentation,and the Tobit model was used to discuss the impact of the degree of collective forestlands fragmentation on the forest farmers'forests management inputs.⑶Results——The mean value of Simpson index of forestlands fragmentation of the forest farmers in the four provinces was 0.397,and the maximum value was 0.895,indicating that the degree of forestlands fragmentation was high.The average capital input intensity of the forest farmers was RMB 2890 yuan/(year-hm^(2))and the average labor input intensity was 20.435 hours/(year-hm^(2)),indicating that the inputs level of the forest farmers'was low.The results of Tobit model analysis showed that the regression coefficient between Simpson index and capital input intensity was-0.203,which was statistically significant at the 1%level,and the regression coefficient between Simpson index and labor input intensity was-4.585,which was statistically significant at the 10%level.In addition,the robustness test showed that the correlation coefficient between the number of land plots and the capital input intensity was-0.028,and that between the number of land plots and the labor input intensity was-0.816,and the correlation between the number of land plots and the capital input intensity was stronger.It indicated that the forestlands fragmentation had a negative impact on the forest farmers'forests management inputs,and the impact on the capital input was more obvious,and there might be alternative inputs of production factors.Moreover,the family endowments of the forest farmers and forestlands characteristics also affected the forest farmers'inputs to different degrees,while only forestry training among individual characteristics had a significant promoting effect on the forest farmers'inputs.⑷Conclusions and Discussions——In forestry production,the problem of the forestlands fragmentation of the forest farmers is obvious,and the inputs level of the forest farmers is low.The forestlands fragmentation increases the management difficulty and risk of the forest farmers,and has a significant negative impact on the capital input and labor input of the forest farmers.Among the control variables,the forestry training,the number of labor force,the proportion of forestry income and the proportion of forest rights had a significant positive impact on the forest farmers'inputs,while the number of long-term migrant workers and the area of forestlands have obvious negative impact on the forest farmers'inputs.Therefore,the following policy suggestions are put forward:First,improve and standardize the related policies of forestlands transfer to promote forestlands transfer and reduce the degree of forestlands fragmentation.Second,encourage forest farmers to participate in forestry cooperative organizations such as“forestry cooperatives”and“collective forestry farms”,and implement joint management,so as to achieve the integration of fragmented forestlands.Third,actively publicize forestry management and protection,disease and pest prevention and other professional knowledge,strengthen forestry training for forest farmers in combination with regional characteristics,and develop technology-based forestry.