加权因子分析法森林公园旅游产业竞争力评价研究

Research on Evaluation of Forest Park Tourism Industry CompetitivenessBased on Weighted Factor Analysis

在借鉴钻石模型及前人研究成果的基础上,选取2011—2019年31个省(区、市)森林公园旅游产业发展数据,运用加权因子分析法分别从分项和总体的角度测算了各省(区、市)森林公园旅游产业竞力水平,并运用系统聚类法和自然间断点法进行聚类分析和空间可视化处理,进一步探究其时空异质性特征。结果表明:森林公园旅游产业竞争力各维度协同发展程度及发展水平省域差异较大导致产业竞争力综合发展水平及发展速度不均衡,东高西低特征明显,发展速度总体较慢;产业竞争力存在空间聚集,聚集主要发生在高水平、较高水平和较低水平地区,东部高水平地区尚未在全国范围内发挥出较明显的示范引领作用。为了促进森林公园旅游产业区域协同发展,建议补齐短板,促进产业竞争力各维度协调发展;强化西部地区森林旅游产业基础建设,促进区域协同发展;强化政策引领,扶植西部地区旅游企业发展。

⑴Background——China's forest tourism has developed rapidly under the guidance of the“Two Mountains”theory and market demand.The focus of forest park tourism industry development has changed from quantitative expansion to connotative development.⑵Methods——The research data related to China's forest park tourism industry from 2011 to 2019 are obtained from statistical yearbooks,communiques and official websites of provincial(municipal,regional)statistical bureaus.The weighted factor analysis method,the system clustering method and the natural breaks method are used to analyze the characteristics of spatio-temporal differences and further explore the reasons for this spatio-temporal heterogeneity.⑶Results——First,the development level and coordination degree of the four dimensions of forest park tourism industry competitiveness vary greatly among provinces(cities,autonomous regions),showing the characteristics of high in the east and low in the west in China.The comprehensive competitiveness of provinces(cities,autonomous regions)with coordinated development of all dimensions and good development degree is at a high level or above,while the comprehensive competitiveness of most provinces(cities,autonomous regions)with uncoordinated development of all dimensions or poor development degree is at an average level or below.Second,there is a large regional gap in the competitiveness of forest park tourism industry.The provinces with high competitiveness are mostly concentrated in the eastern and central regions,while the provinces with low competitiveness are mostly concentrated in the western regions,which is directly related to the development of various dimensions of industrial competitiveness.Third,the development level of forest park tourism industry is generally low,and the industrial competitiveness of the provinces are different.The research results show that only 16%of the regions are in the first echelon,19%are in the second echelon,and 65%of the regions belong to the other three echelons.Fourth,in the time dimension,the development speed of forest park tourism industry is different in different regions,and this gap is still increasing.The development situation of industrial competitiveness in each province is as follows:8 provinces develop at a high level,5 provinces develop steadily,8 provinces develop backward,and 11 provinces stagnant.Fifth,in the spatial dimension,there is spatial clustering in the comprehensive competitiveness of forest park tourism industry,mainly at the highest level,higher level and lower level,the provinces(cities,autonomous regions)with the highest level competitiveness in the eastern and central regions do not play a good leading role.⑷Conclusions and Discussions——Because the four dimensions of forest park tourism industry competitiveness are different,the development level and speed of the comprehensive competitiveness of forest park tourism industry are not the same,and the overall development level is low.Therefore,the following suggestions are put forward:First,promote the coordinated development of various dimensions of industrial competitiveness,explore its cultural connotation and regional characteristics;Second,strengthen the infrastructure construction of forest park tourism industry in western provinces(cities,autonomous regions),give play to the leading role of forest park tourism in eastern and central China,and promote regional coordinated development;Third,strengthen policy guidance,introduce preferential policies favoring the western regions to support the development of tourism enterprises in western provinces(cities,autonomous regions)in China.