担保物权暂停行使在破产重整程序中的适用冲突与解决路径

Suspension of the Exercise of Security Interests in the Applicable Conflict and Resolution Path in Bankruptcy Reorganization Proceedings

破产重整是帮助企业“起死回生”的重要方式,我国立法对重整程序担保物权作出了具体规定,大多体现为对担保物权的“暂停行使”,旨在对担保物权进行限制,避免担保物权人在企业重整期间行使权利,为企业重整创造有利条件。随着《民法典》的出台和统一大市场建设的推进,担保物权形式更加多样,暂停行使在破产重整程序的适用中会产生对特殊担保物权规定不足、缺乏配套的法律制度、府院联动机制缺失等问题。究其原因,这主要是因暂停行使在适用过程中可能引发一系列冲突,如立法目标与效力的冲突、相关主体间的利益冲突、法院主导与政府管理间的冲突等。对此,可以通过加强对相关主体的利益保护、完善对特殊担保物权的规定、建立完善的府院联动机制、加强破产重整程序中的数字化应用等,完善担保物权暂停行使在重整程序中的适用。

Bankruptcy reorganization is an important way to revive the enterprise,and China’s legislation makes specific provisions on the reorganization procedure for the security interest,most of which is embodied in the“suspension of the exer⁃cise”of the security interest,which aims to prevent the security holder from exercising its rights during the reorganization of the enterprise by restricting the security interest and creating conditions for the reorganization of the enterprise.However,with the promulgation of the Civil Code and the advancement of the process of unifying the large market,the forms of security interests have become more diversified,and the suspension of the exercise system will produce problems such as insufficient provisions on special security interests,lack of supporting social and legal systems,and lack of government-court linkage mechanisms in the application of reorganization procedures.The reason for this mainly lies in a series of conflicts in the application process of the suspension system,which are mainly manifested in the legislative objectives and effectiveness,conflicts of interest between rele⁃vant subjects,and conflicts between court leadership and government management.In this regard,we can explore the solution path of the above conflicts in the reorganization procedure by strengthening the protection of the interests of relevant entities,im⁃proving the provisions on special security interests,establishing a sound government-court linkage mechanism,and applying dig⁃ital reform to bankruptcy reorganization.