论亚里士多德道德目的中的理性因素

On the Role of Reason in Aristotle’s Ethical Telos

在关于道德行动的正确目的如何获得的讨论中,由于亚里士多德一方面认为伦理德性给予目的,而伦理德性又是灵魂中非理性部分的德性;另一方面,他又认为伦理德性是非理性部分听从理性的德性,而且伦理德性不能离开实践智慧而存在,因而对于道德目的的确立问题的讨论就出现了理智主义与非理智主义之争。通过对不同主张的分析可知,尽管伦理德性是灵魂中非理性部分的德性,但却是非理性部分听从理性的德性;其形成,即习惯化过程本身就需要理性的参与;并且,道德目的在确立及其实现过程中受到理性的规定。如此,这一方面反驳了非理智主义者所认为的伦理德性给予目的是一非理性过程的主张,另一方面又分析了理性因素在目的确立过程中的具体发生及其功能,从而辩护并推进了理智主义的主张。

In the discussion of how the right telos of ethical action is obtained,Aristotle argues that telos is given by the ethical virtue,which is the virtue of the irrational part of the soul,and he also claims ethical virtue is the virtue of the irrational part which listens to rational part,and it cannot exist without the practical wisdom.Therefore,there are two different positions-rational and irrational positions.Based on the analysis of two discussions above,it is known that ethical virtue is the virtue of the irrational part listening to the rational part,and the formation of ethical virtue requires reason,furthermore,the grasping and the actualizing of ethical telos are done by reason.Thus,it refutes the non-intellectualist’s claim and also analyzes the rational elements of telos,thus defends and promotes the standpoint of the intellectualist’s.