社会主义幸福观的媒介话语建构策略——基于中华人民共和国成立初期《人民日报》的考察

The Media Discourse Construction Strategy of Socialist Happiness View:Based on the Investigation of People’s Daily in the Early Days of the People’s Republic of China

以《人民日报》中的“幸福”报道为样本,以批判性话语分析为主要方法,探究中华人民共和国成立初期中国共产党在幸福观念建构方面的基本策略。研究发现,通过以通俗化为特征的文本策略、以平民语态为特征的话语实践策略,以及以应势而动为特征的社会实践策略,《人民日报》根据1955年前后不同的社会发展需要,分别建构了“幸福就是社会主义”和“幸福的实现需要劳动与奉献”这两种既相互关联又有所区别的幸福观念;它们不仅帮助了中国共产党巩固新生政权、促进国民经济的发展,同时还展现了党全然不同以往的、对每一个普通人所拥有的国家主人翁地位的认可。

Taking“happiness”reports in the People’s Daily as sample and the critical discourse analysis as the main method, the basic strategies in the construction of happiness view in the early days of the People’s Republic of China were explored. The research found that, through the text strategy characterized by popularization, the discourse practice strategy characterized by civilian voice, and the social practice strategy characterized by dynamic change, the People’s Daily constructed two different happiness view according to the different needs of social development around 1955:“happiness equals to socialism”and“happiness comes from hard work”. These two happiness views not only help the CPC consolidate the nascent regime and promote the national economy, but also show that the Communist Party of China is totally different from the past and recognizes the master status of new China owned by every ordinary person.