赋权激励教育模式对2型糖尿病肾病患者健康行为、应对方式和并发症发生率的影响

Effect of Empowering and Motivating Education Model on Health Behavior,Coping Style and Complication Rate in Patients with Type 2 Diabetic Nephropathy

目的:分析赋权激励教育模式对2型糖尿病肾病(DN)患者健康行为、应对方式和并发症发生率的影响。方法:选取2019年1月—2021年1月汝州市第一人民医院收治的88例DN患者作为研究对象,随机分为观察组和对照组,每组各44例。观察组采用赋权激励教育模式护理,对照组采用常规教育模式护理,两组患者持续护理直至患者出院。比较两组患者健康行为(HPLP评分)、应对方式、血糖水平和并发症发生率。结果:教育2周后,两组患者HPLP各维度评分和积极应对评分均升高,且观察组更高,差异有统计学意义(t=3.481、2.192、3.557、5.717,P<0.05);两组患者消极应对评分均降低,且观察组更低,差异有统计学意义(t=17.101,P<0.05)。出院3个月后,两组患者空腹血糖(FBG)、糖化血红蛋白(HbAlc)均低于教育前,且观察组各指标水平更低,差异有统计学意义(t=3.023、4.249,P<0.05)。观察组高血压、低血压、感染和出血总并发症发生率低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=4.062,P<0.05)。结论:赋权激励教育模式可以帮助DN患者健康行为和积极应对方式改变,有利于控制并发症发生率,和维持血糖的稳定。

Objective:To analyze the effects of empowerment and incentive education model on health behavior,coping style and complication rate of patients with type 2 diabetic nephropathy(DN).Methods:A total of 88 patients with DN admitted to the hospital from January 2019 to January 2021 were selected as research objects and randomly divided into observation group and control group,with 44 cases in each group.The observation group received empowering and motivating education mode of nursing,while the control group received conventional education mode of nursing,and the patients in both groups continued nursing until discharge.The health behavior(HPLP score),coping style,blood glucose level and incidence of complications were compared between the two groups.Results:After 2 weeks of education,the scores of each dimension of HPLP and the score of positive coping in the two groups increased,and the scores in the observation group were higher,and the differences were statistically significant(t=3.481,2.192,3.557,5.717,P<0.05).The scores of negative coping in the two groups were lower,and the observation group was lower,and the difference was statistically significant(t=17.101,P<0.05).3 months after discharge,fasting blood glucose(FBG)and glycosylated hemoglobin(HbAlc) of the two groups were lower than those before education,and the levels of each index in the observation group were lower,and the differences were statistically significant(t=3.023,4.249,P<0.05).The incidence of hypertension,hypotension,infection and hemorrhage in the observation group was lower than that in the control group,and the difference was statistically significant(χ^(2)=4.062,P<0.05).Conclusion:The empowerment and incentive education model can help DN patients change their health behaviors and positive coping styles,which is beneficial to control the incidence of complications and maintain the stability of blood glucose.