原发性高血压患者防治依从性及血压控制达标调查

Compliance with prevention and treatment and blood pressure control in patients with essential hypertension

目的探讨原发性高血压患者防治依从性及血压控制达标情况,为控制原发性高血压的发展提供参考。方法选取2019年5月至2021年12月在庐江县中医院就诊的原发性高血压患者696例为研究对象,对患者进行问卷调查及体格调查,进一步分析不同人群特征、不同防治依从行为对血压控制达标的影响。结果696例原发性高血压患者中血压控制达标率为16.24%(113/696)。禁烟、限制饮酒、减少钠盐摄入、控制体重、适量运动、遵医嘱服药的依从性分别为24.86%、28.45%、64.51%、58.05%、66.38%、83.05%。多因素Logistic回归分析显示,年龄55~69岁(OR=1.567)、文化程度为高中/中专及以上(OR=2.849)、病程≤10年(OR=1.431)、禁烟依从性好(OR=1.852)、限制饮酒依从性好(OR=2.083)、减少钠盐摄入依从性好(OR=3.511)、控制体重依从性好(OR=1.145)、适量运动依从性好(OR=1.670)、遵医嘱服药依从性好(OR=1.399)的高血压患者血压控制达标的可能性较高。结论原发性高血压患者血压控制达标情况有待进一步提高,且与人群特征、防治依从项目密切相关,应针对重点人群、危险因素开展高血压综合防治,提高患者的防治依从性,促进血压控制达标。

Objective To investigate the compliance of prevention and treatment and blood pressure control in patients with essential hypertension,to provide a reference for controlling the development of essential hypertension.Methods A total of 696 patients with essential hypertension who received medical treatment in Lujiang County Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine from May to December 2019 were selected for a questionnaire survey and physical examination to further analyze the influence of different population characteristics and different prevention and treatment items on blood pressure control.Results Among the 696 patients with essential hypertension,16.24%(113/696)met the blood pressure control standard.The compliance with smoking cessation,limiting alcohol consumption,reducing sodium intake,weight control,moderate exercise,and taking medication as prescribed by the doctor were 24.86%,28.45%,64.51%,58.05%,66.38%,and 83.05%,respectively.Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that patients with essential hypertension aged 55-69(OR=1.567),with an education level of senior high school/technical secondary school or above(OR=2.849),course of disease≤10 years(OR=1.431),good compliance with smoking cessation(OR=1.852),good compliance with limiting alcohol consumption(OR=2.083),good compliance with reducing sodium intake(OR=3.511),good compliance with weight control(OR=1.145),good compliance with moderate exercise(OR=1.670),and good compliance with medication as prescribed by the doctor(OR=1.399)had a higher possibility of reaching the standard of blood pressure control.Conclusions The achievement of blood pressure control in patients with essential hypertension needs to be improved,and is closely related to the characteristics of the population and the compliance with prevention and treatment items.Comprehensive prevention and treatment of hypertension should be carried out for key populations and risk factors to improve patients'prevention and treatment compliance and promote blood pressure control.