新形势下多国出口限制与我国资源性农产品安全保障研究

Multi-Country Export Restrictions and Security Assurance of Our Resource Agricultural Product under the New Situation

21世纪以来,国际上管控农产品贸易的主要方式逐步由禁运制裁向出口限制转变。2022年,先后有哈萨克斯坦、乌克兰、俄罗斯等国家紧急宣布实施资源性农产品出口限制措施,其主要特点是国别上不乏传统优势农产品出口大国、产品上主要为必需品和战略资源、期限上长于新冠肺炎疫情初期的出口限制等。目前的农产品保护主义风潮对我国谷物安全影响较小,但需高度警惕食用油、大豆和食糖的进口风险,同时对我国价格传导的影响不可避免。任何时候保障粮棉油糖等资源性农产品安全都不能放松,要进一步增强对立足国内的认识,加快建立重农抓粮保障机制,推进我国进口多元化战略,挖掘节约止损潜力,以规避动荡不安的国际市场风险。

Since the 21st century,the main way to control the trade of agricultural products has gradually changed from embargo to export restriction.In 2022,Kazakhstan,Ukraine,Russia and other countries announced urgent restrictions on the export of resource-based agricultural products,showing that they are large exporters of agricultural products with traditional advantages,that their products are mainly necessities and strategic resources,and that the period of export restrictions is longer than the initial period of COVID-19.It is found that the current trend of agricultural protectionism has little impact on grain security,but we need to be highly vigilant about the import risk of oil,soybean and sugar,and the impact on the price transmission is inevitable.We should not relax our efforts at any time to ensure the security of grain,cotton,oil,sugar and other resource-based agricultural products.We should further enhance our understanding of the actual situation in China,accelerate the establishment of a mechanism for ensuring grain security for farmers,promote the diversification strategy of Chinese imports,and exploit the potential of saving and stopping losses so as to avoid the risks of volatile international markets.