元代咏史散曲的思维特质与价值追求

The Thinking Traits and Value Pursuit of Sanqu of Chanting History in Yuan Dynasty

元代咏史散曲中充斥着强烈的悲观消极的历史观与价值观,虽然在一定程度上受元代社会政治环境的影响,但主要源于散曲文体的写作传统及其背后的思维特质与价值追求。元代散曲家在看待历史时,具备极其宏深的观照视野,从而演化出“繁华尽逝”与“成败皆空”这两种写作范式,并发展出鲜明的宿命论观点。元代散曲家又在王朝兴衰与个人成败之外,树立起归隐的人生理想,在世俗层面包含着对官场凶险的厌恶与对享乐生活的贪恋,在世俗层面之上则贯穿着通观往古后的理性思考与对永恒不朽的超越性追求。元代咏史散曲最终建构起“历史兴亡—现实归隐—永恒山水”三者之间的复杂关系,实现了价值观的突破与救赎。

The Sanqu of chanting history in Yuan Dynasty was full of strong pessimistic and negative historical views and values.Though it was,to a certain extent,influenced by the social and political environment of the Yuan Dynasty,it mainly originated from the writing tradition of Sanqu’s style and the thinking traits and value pursuit behind it.In the Yuan Dynasty,the writers of Sanqu had a very broad and deep perspective when looking at history,thus evolving two writing paradigms:“prosperity has all gone” and “success or failure both means empty”,and developed a distinctive fatalism view.In addition to the rise and fall of the dynasty and personal success or failure,the writers of Sanqu in Yuan Dynasty set up the ideal of reclusive life,which,on the secular level,contained an aversion to the dangers of officialdom and a desire for a happy life,and,above the secular level,was permeated with the rational thinking of the past and the transcendental pursuit of immortality.Sanqu of chanting history in Yuan Dynasty finally constructed the complex relationship among “the rise and fall of history-the seclusion of reality-the eternal landscape”,realizing the breakthrough and redemption of values.