沈阳市居住与就学空间匹配性研究

Study on the spatial matching of residence and school in Shenyang

居住与就学空间匹配性对城市功能空间组织与交通运行具有重要影响.从不同服务范围内学生居学比率、过度通学、通学流视角分析了沈阳市学生居住与就学空间匹配性问题.结果表明:学生居住地与就学地存在显著的空间不匹配性.不同缓冲区范围内,幼儿园、小学和中学平衡型节点(学校)分别占比29.46%,19.46%和25.90%,占比较低,而且主要分布在城市核心区边缘;从通学流来看,学生入学比率普遍较低,多数学生居住地不在其学校服务区范围内,城市中心区入学率明显高于外围新城区;从过度通学来看,幼儿园、小学及中学生过度通学率分别高达82.56%,78.68%,75.43%,由城市中心到外围过度通学距离依次增加.应从构建多中心的居住-就学空间结构、居学平衡下的居住与就学空间布局引导、探究教育设施共享社区结构模式以及科学实施“多校划片”改革等方面改善沈阳市居住与就学空间结构.

The matching of residence and school space has an important impact on urban functional space organization and traffic operation.This paper analyzes the spatial matching of students’residence and schooling in Shenyang from the perspectives of student residence and schooling ratio,excessive schooling and schooling flow within different service areas.It is found that there is a significant spatial mismatch between students’residence and schooling.Specifically,within different buffer areas,the balanced nodes(schools)of kindergartens,primary schools and middle schools account for 29.46%,19.46%and 25.90%respectively,The proportion is relatively low and mainly distributed on the edge of urban core area.From the perspective of schooling flow,the enrollment rate of students is generally low,most students live outside their school service areas,and the enrollment rate in urban central areas is significantly higher than that in peripheral new urban areas.From the perspective of excessive schooling,the rates of kindergartens,primary schools and middle school students are as high as 82.56%,78.68%and 75.43%respectively,and the excessive schooling distance from the urban center to the periphery increases in turn.Should improve the spatial structure of residence and school in Shenyang from the aspects of building a multi center residence school spatial structure,guiding the layout of residence and school space in Shenyang under the balance of residence and school,exploring the community structure mode of sharing educational facilities,and scientifically implementing the reform of“multi school zoning”.