近北极国家的北极政策比较研究

A Comparative Study on Arctic Policies of Near-Arctic States

近北极国家在地理上临近北极,在利益上与北极事务密切相关,在能力上具有参与治理的优势。这些国家在利益诉求上更加注重经济获利与生态环境保护,以及参与治理的政治身份。比较之下,亚洲地区的近北极国家刻意避免被卷入北极的安全纷争中,欧洲的近北极国家则由于欧盟和北约的存在,对北极安全事务的关注度明显更高。此外,近北极国家在共同利益领域具有广阔的合作空间,尤其是在气候变化、资源开发等领域。中国作为最后出台北极政策的近北极国家,受到了国际社会的高度关注,但受到美国的有意压制。加强与近北极国家的合作,以集体行动的方式规避美国的舆论攻势将是中国一个有效的选项。

Near-Arctic states are geographically close to the Arctic,which are closely related to Arctic affairs and enjoy the advantage of participating in Arctic governance.In terms of interest pursuit,these states lay stress on economic profits,the protection of ecological environment and the political identity of participating in governance.Near-Arctic states in Asia often deliberately avoid being involved in Arctic security disputes,while those states in Europe generally pay more attention to Arctic security affairs due to the existence of the EU and NATO.In addition,Near-Arctic states have broad cooperation space in the field of common interests,such as climate change,resource exploitation and other issues.China,as the last Near Arctic state to declare the Arctic policy,has drawn great attention from the international community,while has suffered an intentional suppression from America.In the future,it is an effective choice for China to strengthen cooperation with Near-Arctic States and take collective actions to avoid public opinion attack of America.