钩藤地上部营养器官总生物碱积累规律研究

Study of Total Alkaloids Accumulation in Vegetative Organs of the Ground of Uncaria rhynchophylla

【目的】研究钩藤[Uncaria rhynchophylla(Miq.)Miq. ex Havil.]地上部营养器官总生物碱含量变化规律,阐明总生物碱积累及源库关系,确认钩藤药材最佳采收部位及采收期,改变仅以带钩枝条为药材的传统方式,从而避免钩藤药材资源的浪费,同时为钩藤总生物碱研究提供基础资料。【方法】运用酸性染料比色法测定钩藤主茎、侧枝、叶及钩总生物碱含量,从而阐明总生物碱的积累规律。【结果】钩藤地上部营养器官中总生物碱积累的最大值分布在6—9月及11月,钩中总生物碱积累最大值为6.599 mg/g、主茎为7.726 mg/g、侧枝为6.880 mg/g、叶为6.890 mg/g,且钩中总生物碱含量在钩藤营养生长期表现为升高趋势,在生殖生长期则呈降低趋势,而全年积累均值由大到小表现为主茎、钩≈侧枝、叶;综合各营养器官基本生理功能与其总生物碱积累规律,从而推测叶为生物碱合成源,主茎及侧枝作为运输通道,钩为库;丹寨基地不同生长年限钩藤中总生物碱积累由大到小表现为三年生、五年生、六年生、四年生,长顺基地为四年生、五年生、六年生、三年生,而3—12月地上部营养器官中总生物碱积累总量较高的是:7月8.911 mg/g、11月8.750 mg/g、6月8.237 mg/g。【结论】钩藤地上部营养器官均可作为药材采收,其采收期应在6月、7月及11月。

[Objective]By investigating the variation of total alkaloids content in the above-ground vegetative organs of Uncaria rhynchophylla,clarifying the accumulation and source-sink relationships of total alkaloids,confirming the best harvesting location and harvesting period of U. rhynchophylla medicinal materials,and changing the tradition of only using U. rhynchophylla medicinal materials as medicinal materials,this study aims to avoid the waste of U. rhynchophylla medicinal resources,as well as provides the basic data for research on the total alkaloids of U. rhynchophylla.[Method]The acid dye colorimetric method was used to determine the content of total alkaloids in the stems,branches,leaves,and hooks of U. rhynchophylla in order to clarify the accumulation of total alkaloids.[Result]The maximum accumulation of total alkaloids in above-ground vegetative organs of U. rhynchophylla was distributed from June to September and November.The maximum accumulation of total alkaloids was 6.599 mg/g in hooks,7.726 mg/g in stems,6.880 mg/g in branches,and 6.890 mg/g in leaves. The content of total alkaloids in hooks showed an increasing trend in the vegetative growth period and a decreasing trend in the reproductive growth period,while the annual average accumulation showed the main stems>hooks≈branches>leaves. Based on the basic physiological functions of above-ground vegetative organs and the accumulation of total alkaloids,it was speculated that the leaf was the source of alkaloid synthesis,the stem and branch were the transportation channels,and the hook was the reservoir. The accumulation of total alkaloids in U. rhynchophylla of different growth years in Danzhai base was 3-year-old>5-year-old>6-year-old>4-year-old,and in Changshun base was 4-year-old>5-year-old>6-year-old>3-year-old. The accumulation of total alkaloids in above-ground vegetative organs from March to December was 8.911 mg/g in July,8.750 mg/g in November and 8.237 mg/g in June.[Conclusion]The above-ground vegetative organs of U. rhynchophylla can be harvested as medicinal materials,and the optimal harvest period should be in June,July,and November.