江西新余蜜桔园土壤养分分布特征及综合肥力评价

Soil Nutrient Distribution Characteristics and Comprehensive Fertility Evaluation in Xinyu Tangerine Orchard,Jiangxi Province

【目的】研究江西新余蜜桔园土壤肥力状况,探明制约新余蜜桔提质增产的影响因素,为果园土壤养分管理和科学施肥提供理论依据,促进江西新余蜜桔园产业可持续发展。【方法】选取江西具有代表性的新余蜜桔园进行样地布设,共采集150个样点土样,以pH、有机质、大量营养元素为评价指标,分析养分现状及分布特征,并结合隶属度函数模型、AHP-熵权法及克里金插值对土壤肥力进行综合评价。【结果】(1)土壤pH平均值为4.42,处于酸性水平;全氮、速效磷和速效钾平均值分别为1.12 g/kg、15.82 mg/kg和144.59 mg/kg,处于中等水平;全磷和有机质平均值为0.43 g/kg和19.70 g/kg,处于缺乏水平;全钾和碱解氮均值分别为9.07 g/kg和43.28 mg/kg,处于很缺乏水平;(2)单因素肥力评价表明速效钾的隶属度值最高,速效磷的权重值最高,pH的隶属度值和权重值最低。这说明评价因子中速效钾和速效磷含量较高,pH较低,酸度较大。(3)该区土壤综合肥力指数(IFI)平均值为0.40,综合肥力中等(3级),南安乡和欧里镇综合肥力为2级,肥力较高,姚圩镇和罗坊镇综合肥力为3级,肥力一般,其余乡镇肥力等级为4级,肥力较低。【结论】江西新余蜜桔园土壤综合肥力一般偏下,酸度较大。在后续施肥管理中采取沟施或水肥一体化技术,针对性施用草木灰等碱性肥料,合理配比磷钾肥,增施氮肥和有机肥。

[Objective]By investigating the soil fertility status of Jiangxi Xinyu tangerine orchard,this study aims to identify the influencing factors restricting the quality and yield of Xinyu tangerine,thus providing theoretical basis for orchard soil nutrient management and scientific fertilization and promoting the sustainable development of Jiangxi Xinyu tangerine industry.[Method]The representative Xinyu tangerine orchard in Jiangxi was selected for sample plot layout.A total of 150 soil samples were collected.The pH,organic matter and macronutrient elements were used as evaluation indicators to analyze their content and distribution.Combined with the membership function model,AHP-entropy weight method and Kriging interpolation method were used to comprehensively evaluate soil fertility.[Results](1)The average soil pH was 4.42,which was at an acidic level;the average values of total nitrogen,available phosphorus and available potassium were 1.12 g/kg,15.82 mg/kg and 144.59 mg/kg,respectively,which were at a medium level;the average values of total phosphorus and organic matter were 0.43 g/kg and 19.70 g/kg,which were at the deficient level;the average values of total potassium and alkaline hydrolyzed nitrogen were 9.07 g/kg and 43.28 mg/kg,respectively,which were in the deficient level.(2)The single-factor fertility evaluation showed that the membership value of available potassium was the highest,the weight value of available phosphorus was the highest,and the membership value and weight value of pH were the lowest.This showed that the content of available potassium and available phosphorus in the evaluation factor was higher,the pH was lower,and the acidity was higher.(3)The average soil comprehensive fertility index(IFI)in this area was 0.40,the comprehensive fertility was medium(level 3),the comprehensive fertility of Nan’an Township and Ouli Town was level 2,the fertility was relatively high,and the comprehensive fertility of Yaoxu Town and Luofang Town was at an average level 3,and the rest of the townships were at a low level 4.[Conclusion]The comprehensive fertility of the soil in Xinyu tangerine orchard in Jiangxi Province is generally low,and the acidity is relatively high.In the follow-up fertilization management,furrow fertilization or integrated water and fertilizer technology should be adopted,alkaline fertilizers such as plant ash should be applied,phosphorus and potassium fertilizers should be used with a scientific proportion,and nitrogen fertilizers and organic fertilizers should be increased.