过程导向:幼儿园教育质量评价政策的国际趋势与本土实践

Process-oriented Evaluation of Kindergarten Education Quality:International Trend and Local Practice

鉴于有关幼儿园教育质量的研究揭示过程质量对幼儿学习与发展的影响更直接且更关键,世界各国先后采取了完善质量标准、加强质量数据收集与监测等诸多政策,同时强调评价标准就应是实践标准,以充分发挥质量评价对幼儿园教育实践的导向与支持作用,实现过程导向的质量评价、发展与保障的一体化。借鉴国际政策有益经验,我国教育部于2022年初颁布的《幼儿园保育教育质量评估指南》亦将幼儿园保教过程质量作为质量评估的着力点,对应“评什么”和“怎样评”给出了明确指引,其所提考查要点实质也是把抽象的“高质量”保教理念具体化为教师可参照执行的行动框架、实践路径与教育策略,以此构建质量评价与质量发展良性互动的评价机制,实现“以评促建”的根本目的。在贯彻落实此评估指南的过程中,我们应注意不要过度关注地方标准文本的完美化,也不要把幼儿园教育质量窄化甚至异化为园所特色,而应加强本土质量评价研究,引导幼儿园追求卓越,从“遵循标准”走向“超越标准”,不断提高以过程质量为核心的保教质量,促进所有幼儿健康快乐成长。

As researches about kindergarten education quality show that process quality is the key to children’s learning and development,many countries around the world have adopted policies,such as perfecting quality standard,strengthening quality data collection and supervision,redefining quality evaluation standard as education practice standard,to realize the unification of quality evaluation and promotion.Based on these international policy experiences,China also published her evaluation policy and guide of kindergarten education quality in 2022,of which the focus is process quality,the content equals to practice standard,and the target is to improve kindergarten education quality through evaluation.In the future implementation of the policy,more researches embedded in Chinese culture context are needed to support further correct understanding and application of the guide.