政党制度变迁与民主转型绩效:东南亚四国的比较研究

A Comparative Study of the Changes in Political Party System and the Performance of Democratic Transformation in Four Southeast Asian Countries

经验表明,政党是建构民族国家、进行民主改革和推进国家治理的关键力量,因而,一个国家的政党制度化水平对其政治民主化进程具有重要意义。政党制度化程度可以从政党的自主性、组织性和适应性三个方面进行测量,泰国、菲律宾、新加坡和印度尼西亚在民主转型绩效方面表现出的差异,可以归结为四个国家主导性政党的制度化水平作用的结果。制度化水平高的政党,能够积累和内化民主规则和程序,充分发挥其利益表达、社会动员和组建政府等功能,为维系民主体制的有效运转提供了必要条件。

The political development experience of the latecomer countries shows that the political party is the key force to construct the nation-state, carry on democratic reform and promote national governance, thus the level of a country’s political party institutionalization is of great significance to its political democratization process and can be measured from three aspects: autonomy, organization and adaptability. The differences in the performance of democratic transition in Thailand, the Philippines, Singapore and Indonesia can be attributed to the institutionalization level of the dominant political parties in the four countries. Political parties with a high level of institutionalization can accumulate and internalize democratic rules and procedures, give full play to their functions of interest expression,social mobilization and government formation, and provide the necessary conditions for maintaining the effective operation of democratic institutions.