8种杀菌剂在冀北地区对马铃薯早疫病的田间防治效果

Field Control Efficiency of Eight Kinds of Fungicides on Potato Early Blight in the Northern Hebei Province

在冀北地区开展8种杀菌剂对马铃薯早疫病田间药效试验,以筛选可有效防治马铃薯早疫病的药剂。试验选取马铃薯品种夏波蒂,在田间初次发现马铃薯早疫病时第1次施药,施药间隔7 d,共施药3次,第3次施药后7 d,调查药剂防治效果以及药剂对马铃薯植株的安全性,并对供试药剂对马铃薯早疫病防治效果与试验小区产量进行分析。结果表明,所有供试药剂茎叶喷雾对马铃薯生长均安全;70%丙森锌WP对马铃薯早疫病的防治效果达到81.05%,显著高于其他药剂处理;75%肟菌·戊唑醇WG、60%唑醚·代森联WG以及18.7%烯酰·吡唑酯WG对马铃薯早疫病的防治效果均达到了70%以上,其余供试药剂防治效果分布在36%~65%。70%丙森锌WP、75%肟菌·戊唑醇WG和60%唑醚·代森联WG对马铃薯总产量的增产率和商品薯增产率都显著高于对照处理和其他供试药剂处理,与对照相比,马铃薯总产量的增产率分别为19.96%、16.03%和14.3%,商品薯增产率分别为56.17%、50.02%和40.77%。根据冀北地区马铃薯种植和杀菌剂使用现状,在发病初期使用70%丙森锌WP、75%肟菌·戊唑醇WG和60%唑醚·代森联这3种药剂处理效果最佳,连续施药3次,间隔7 d,三者可交替使用以达到最佳的防治效果。

In this study, the control efficiency of eight fungicides to potato early blight in the field was conducted to screen out the effective fungicides for control of potato early blight in the northern Hebei province. Shepody was the variety used in this experiment. The first application was carried out when the potato early blight was first discovered in the field, interval of 7 d, a total of 3 times. The control efficiency and safety of fungicides to potato plants was investigated at 7 d after the third application,and the control efficiency of fungicides on potato early blight and the yields in the test plot were analyzed. The results showed that the stem and leaf spray of all the tested fungicides were safe for the growth of potato. The control efficiency of 70% of Propineb WP on potato early blight was 81.05%, which was significantly higher than the control efficiency of other fungicides;The control efficiency of 75% of Trifloxystrobin·tebuconazole WG, 60% of Pyraclostrobin·metiram WG and 18.7% of Dimethomorph·pyraclostrobin WG on potato early blight was more than 70%;for other tested fungicides, the control efficiency was distributed between 65 % and 36 %. The yield increase rate of total potato yield and commodity potato after the plants treated with the 70%of Propineb WP, 75% of Trifloxystrobin·tebuconazole WG, and 60% of Pyraclostrobin·metiram WG were significantly higher than those of after the plants treated with the control and other fungicides. Compared with the control, the yield increase rate of total potato yield was 19.96%, 16.03%, and 14.3%, respectively, and the yield increase rate of commodity potato was 56.17%, 50.02%, and 40.77%, respectively. According to the local cultivation and fungicides used in the northern Hebei province, 70% of Propineb WP, 75% of Trifloxystrobin·tebuconazole WG, and 60% of Pyraclostrobin·metiram WG had the best control efficiency when they were used in the early stage of potato early blight, continuous application of 3 times, 7 days of interval, the three fungicides could be used alternately to achieve the best control efficiency.