从材栔到材分°—再论唐宋模数制度的发展演替过程

On the Development Process of Modulus System in Tang and Song Dynasties:Centered on the Diversification of Cai and Zhi’s Proportion Setting

材分°制向来被视为我国传统模数方法之集大成者,但对其形成过程却鲜有论述:它如何从材栔组合中进化而来?诸多唐宋实例呈现出材广厚比例与材栔高度分配的多样化倾向,它们又处在模数制发展的哪个阶段?通过将长度模量“分°”网格化,或将栔截面多次对折后形成不同单元,观测其度量以及拆分不同类型单、足材截面的能力,有助于验证实例用材的规律性与自洽度,评判其在技术演化链条中的确切位置,认识材栔组合向材分°模数发展的整体面貌。

The cai-fen module system contained in Yingzao Fashi has always been regarded as the epitome of the China’s traditional modulus design methods,but there is little speculation about the formation process of this peak.How did the combination of cai and zhi e volve into the modulus of cai and fen?Why did we find kinds of examples of the proportion of width and thickness of cai and zhi as well as it’s height distribution existed in Tang and Song Dynasties?This paper measures the cross section of dancai and zucai by different grid units to verify the self-consistency of various values,which can be used as the basis for evaluating its positioning in the development process of modulus system.