乡村振兴背景下农村风险管控与积极社会救助制度创新

Rural Risk Control and Active Social Assistance System Innovation under the Background of Rural Revitalization

随着我国取得脱贫攻坚战的全面胜利,农村返贫致困的因素主要为风险损害,对农村风险的事前管控不仅可以防止导致农村家庭贫困的风险发生,而且可以降减农村社会救助成本。当前农村社会救助制度存在轻事前风险管控、重事后救助,以物质性救助为主、非物质性救助比较缺乏,以生活救助为主、生产救助项目较少,以及救助对象覆盖不全面、社会救助积极性不够等短板和缺失。农村积极社会救助制度建设首先应该完善农村基本生活救助制度和专项救助制度,增设残疾人救助制度,并构建残疾人救助内容体系。另外,要补齐农村急难救助的短板,建立农村急难救助的多主体联动机制,才能构建适应农村社会经济结构的积极社会救助体系,保证农民家庭的基本生活和可持续发展条件,保障乡村振兴战略顺利实施。

As China’s overall poverty alleviation and entry into a well-off society,the main cause of rural poverty is risk damage.The advance control of rural risk can not only prevent the risk of rural family poverty,but also can reduce the cost of rural social assistance.The current rural social assistance system is featured by weaknesses such as lack of risk control beforehand and emphasizing post-hoc rescue,centering on material assistance but lacking non-material assistance,prioritizing life assistance and ignoring production assistance projects,incomplete coverage of relief objects and insufficient enthusiasm for social assistance.Rural social active assistance system construction should first improve the basic rural life assistance system and the special assistance system,add assistance system for the disabled,and build the content system of disabled assistance.In addition,it is proposed to supplement the rural distress assistance short board,establish a multi subject linkage mechanism for rural emergency relief,in order to build positive social assistance system to adapt to the rural social economic structure,guarantee the peasant family’s basic life and the sustainable development condition,and ensure the smooth implementation of rural revitalization strategy.