温湿度对建筑室内典型霉菌生长影响及其动力学模型

Effect of temperature and humidity on the growth of typical molds in buildings and its kinetics modeling

高湿地区建筑室内潮湿易诱发霉菌滋生和孢子扩散,引起建筑结构损坏和人员过敏性症状或疾病等,对室内环境和人员健康都产生严重危害.本文以室内典型曲霉菌菌种-黑曲霉为例,实验研究了真实温湿度动态变化(温度15/20/25/30℃,湿度60%/75%/85%)对其黑曲霉生长特性的影响,并建立其随时间和温湿度变化的生长动力学模型.结果表明,在RH>60%的较高相对湿度条件下,温度为影响霉菌生长的主要因素,黑曲霉生长随着温度的升高而加快,而不同相对湿度影响差异较小;引入Gompertz模型建立菌落直径与生长时间的函数关系,可以较好预测黑曲霉的生长,且Gompertz模型参数μm随着温度的升高而增大,λ随着温度的升高而减小(温度≤25℃);进一步采用响应面模型作为二级模型可以较好表征温湿度耦合影响下霉菌的生长特性,并量化了μm、λ与温度、相对湿度的数学关系.结果为反应建筑真实热湿环境下霉菌生长风险和源头控制提供了理论参考.

A higher air humidity in buildings is easy to facilitate mold growth and spore diffusion, causing building structure damage and allergic symptoms or diseases on human, which is seriously harmful to indoor environment building and people health protection.This study took Aspergillus niger, a typical Aspergillus species in homes as an example, and experimentally studied the influence of environmental temperature and humidity(15/20/25/30℃, 60%/75%/85%) on the growth characteristics of Aspergillus niger, and established the growth kinetics models with time, temperature and humidity.The results showed that when the relative humidity was higher than 60%, the temperature was the main factor and the growth of Aspergillus niger was accelerated with increased temperature;while the influence of relative humidity was not significant.A Gompertz model was developed to quantify the growth of Aspergillus niger through building the relations with the colony diameter and growth time for Aspergillus niger;and the parameter μm was increased and λ was decreased(T≤25℃) with increasing temperature.A response surface model was further adopted as a secondary grade model to explore the growth characteristics of molds under the coupled influence of temperature and humidity.The relations between μm, λ and the temperature, relative humidity were quantified based on the model.The work provides a reference for the mold growth risk evaluation and source control in the real hot-humid environment in buildings.