欧战前后国人的历史自信与民族自信——近代中华民族共同体意识觉醒的重要表征

Chinese People’s Historical and National Self-confidence around the First World War:The Important Representation of the Awakening of the Consciousness of National Community in Modern China

严复是近代明确地表达了自己对于中华民族坚定的民族自信心之第一人。如果说他关于中华民族“易为合难为分”的历史观察,已由辛亥革命的胜利得到了初步印证;那么他关于中华民族“有为强族大国之储能”的历史自信,缘新中国的建立及其至今已然成为世界大国,更是得到了最有力的证明。欧战后欧洲民族问题突显,引发了国人的反思并从中得出了应有的教训。无论是李大钊提出“新中华民族主义”,推动了现代意义的中华民族观念的确立;还是梁启超、孙中山坚持国家统一与主权独立,反对照搬民族自决原则用以处理中国内部的民族关系,无疑都体现了近代中华民族共同体意识的觉醒;体现了国人的民族自信以及宽容与理性的精神。

Yan Fu was the first person who clearly expressed his firm national confidence in the Chinese nation in modern China.His conclusion that the Chinese nation is“easy to combine but difficult to divide”had been preliminarily verified by the victory of the 1911 Revolution,and his confidence in the Chinese nation that owns energy for a strong nation and a great country had been proved by the history of China has been a major power in the world since 1949.After the first World War,the national problems in Europe were serious,which triggered the reflection of Chinese people who drew lessons from Europe.Li Dazhao proposed“New Chinese Nationalism”which promoted the establishment of the sense of the modern Chinese nation,while Liang Qichao and Sun Yat-sen insisted on national unity and independence and opposed copying the principle of national self-determination to deal with ethnic issues within China,both reflected the awakening of the consciousness of national community in modern China and the national self-confidence,tolerance and rational spirit of Chinese people.