中华民族自觉意识的初步觉醒——从清末民初的历史教科书谈起

The Initial Awakening of the Self-consciousness of the Chinese Nation:A Research Based on the Historical Textbooks in the Late Qing Dynasty and the Early Republic of China

在近代中国强化民族认同的历史情境下,历史教科书可谓中华民族自觉进程的一个典型文本。清末民初历史教科书中的相关表述,是中华民族自觉意识在文本中的最初体现。清末知识精英所倡导的“中华民族”,并未得到时人的普遍认可,民国初建之时历史教科书编者才开始用到“中华民族”概念。到了五四时期,“中华民族”开始较多地被教科书所采用。通过书写中华民族的历史,教科书彰扬了民族融合宗旨,使得民族共同体意识开始成为一种公共知识,先进入教育系统,进而普及社会,逐渐得到国人的认同。民族共同体意识的萌发,代表着中华民族自觉意识的初步觉醒。

During strengthening national identity in modern China,history textbooks can be regarded as a typical example of presenting the Chinese Nation’s conscious.The expression in history textbooks was the initial embodiment of the self-consciousness of the Chinese nation in the text in the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China.“The Chinese Nation”advocated by the intellectuals in the late Qing Dynasty was not universally accepted,and the history textbook editors had begun to use the concept of“Chinese Nation”since the Republic of China was founded.In the May 4 th Movement,“the Chinese Nation”began to be used more and more in textbooks.By writing the history of the Chinese Nation in textbooks,the national integration was prompted and the national community consciousness became a kind of public knowledge,which was adopted by the education system at first and then was popularized at the society,gradually was recognized by Chinese people.The national community consciousness represents the initial awakening of the Chinese Nation’s self-consciousness.