试论韩国近代史家朴殷植的民族主义史观及其历史著述

On Historical View of Nationalism of Park Eun-sik,A Modern Korean Historian and His Historical Writing

朴殷植是韩国近代独立运动的重要领导人,也是韩国民族主义史学的奠基人。他将国史、国教、国语、国文等视作“国魂”,系民族精神;而钱谷、军事、国家机构等视作“国魄”,系国家的现实存在。“国魄”亡,而“国魂”存,民族国家即存。历史即民族精神,故他赍志撰史,以存“韩国魂”,并为韩国独立运动正名。他认为在优胜劣汰的现代,更新儒教,更新文化,才能焕发韩国民族国家的新生。檀君系大韩民族的始祖,但晚于黄帝,韩国文化晚于中华文明,箕子处于从属地位。《韩国痛史》与《韩国独立运动之血史》既是韩国独立运动史之重要记录,也是朴殷植书写民族主义史观最集中的体现。

As one of the important leaders of Korea’s modern independent movement and the founder of Korean modern nationalist historiography,Park Eun-sik regarded national history,national religion,national words,and national language as“the national soul”and the national spirit,while money,rice,the military,and state institutions as“the national body”which is the support of the country.Even the“national body”dies,but the“national soul”exists,the nation-state can exist.Since history is one part of the national spirit,he wrote history to save the“soul of Korea”and to justify the Korean independent movement.He believed that in the era of survival of the fittest,renewing Confucianism and culture can revitalize the Korean nation-state.Dangun was regarded as the ancestor of the Korean nation but after the Chinese Yellow Emperor,so Korean culture is later than Chinese civilization,and Kijia is in a subordinate position.The History of Korean Pain and The Blood History of the Korean Independence Movement are not only important records of the modern history of Korea and the history of the Korean independent movement,but also the most concentrated embodiment of Park Eun-sik’s nationalist view of history.