碳中和与稳增长协同推进的机制设计与实现路径

Coordinated Advancement of Carbon Neutrality and SteadyGrowth: Mechanism and Path

党的二十大强调,中国式现代化是人与自然和谐共生的现代化,要坚定不移走生产发展、生活富裕、生态良好的文明发展道路,实现中华民族永续发展。协同推进碳中和与稳增长是实现中华民族永续发展的本质要求,是推动经济高质量发展的必由之路,是满足人民群众日益增长的优美生态环境需求的内在要求,是构建人类命运共同体的必然选择。然而,碳中和与稳增长面临能源结构调整和产业结构转型挑战的叠加,是多重目标、多重约束的经济社会系统性变革,即节能降碳减污与经济增长存在两难抉择。应当建立流动机制,推动减碳与发展平衡;建立供求机制,促进产业链协同减碳;建立长效机制,兼顾短期与长期目标;建立激励约束机制,实现政府与市场双轮驱动;建立开放机制,推动国际与国内低碳循环。就实现路径而言,应努力形成“供给侧—需求侧—市场—政府”四联并行的合力,协同推进国家政策体系、产业发展体系、企业生产体系和家庭消费体系的多层次系统变革。

The report to the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China emphasized that Chinese modernization is the modernization of harmony between humanity and nature.We will continue to pursue a model of sound development featuring improved production,higher living standards,and healthy ecosystems to ensure the sustainable development of the Chinese nation.Promoting carbon neutrality and steady growth together is the essential requirement for realizing the sustainable development of the Chinese nation,the necessary way to promote high-quality economic development,the inherent requirement for meeting the people's growing demand for a better ecological environment,and the inevitable choice for building a community with a shared future for mankind.However,carbon neutrality and steady growth face the dual challenges of energy structure adjustment and industrial structure transformation,and refer to the systemic socio-economic changes with multiple goals and constraints.There is a dilemma between the energy conservation,carbon reduction and pollution reduction and the economic growth.Therefore,we should build a flow mechanism to promote a balance between carbon reduction and economic development,build a supply and demand mechanism to promote coordinated carbon reduction in the whole industry chain,build a long-term mechanism to achieve both short-term and long-term goals,build an incentive and restraint mechanism to give play to the driving forces of government and market,and build an opening mechanism to promote international and domestic low-carbon circulation.It is necessary to form a joint force of“supply side-demand side-market-government”and cooperatively promote multi-level systemic reform involving the national policy system,industrial development system,enterprise production system and household consumption system.