论麦哲伦海峡的发现、探航和开通--环球航行成功的最关键一环

On the Discovery,Exploration and Opening of the Strait of Magellan--The Most Critical Link of the Success of the Circumnavigation

发现和成功穿越麦哲伦海峡在航海史和地理发现史上具有重要的意义。在大西洋上发现海峡入口后,即便先返航回去补给维修下次再来探航,还是避免不了最终要死那么多人。因为在横渡太平洋途中死了几十人的主要杀手不是饥饿和狂风巨浪,而是坏血病,即维生素C缺乏症。在1520年的发现和穿越麦哲伦海峡的行动中,以麦哲伦为首的西班牙、葡萄牙航海家的水平和技艺当时是很高超的,表现在首先正确判断出那是一条海峡;其次是反复探索终于顺利通过了海峡,因为麦哲伦海峡极不规整,分汊港湾太多又特别长。船员塞拉诺(Johan Serrano)等在其中也起了重要的作用。探险船队内部一直存在较大矛盾和分歧。自朱利安港叛乱事件被敉平和谨慎处理后,在探察海峡的途中又发生了圣安东尼奥号的哗变叛逃事件。这次哗变者叛逃成功,探险船队由五条船减少为三条船,但剩下的船在麦哲伦带领下仍坚定前行终于达成目标。麦哲伦海峡的命名和固化有一个过程,直到1527年才被正式命名如斯,并名副其实。

The discovery and successful crossing of the Strait of Magellan is of great significance in the history of navigation and geographical discovery.After the discovery of the strait entrance,even if they first returned to resupply and repair,and then explored the voyage next time,so many people were unable to avoid being dead.Because the main killer of dozens of people on their way across the Atlantic was not hunger,but scurvy,or vitamin C deficiency.In the discovery and crossing of the Strait of Magellan in 1520,Johan Serrano et al also played an important role.The Spanish-Portuguese navigators,led by Magellan,were highly skilled at the time,as they first correctly judged that the passage was a strait,and then by repeated explorations,they finally passed through the strait,because the Strait of Magellan is so irregular that it has too many particularly long bays with splits.There were greater conflicts and differences within the expedition fleet.Since the rebellion in Julian Port was quelled and handled with caution,on the way to exploring the strait there was another mutiny and defection on the San Antonio.The mutineers defected successfully.There was a process of naming and solidification of the Strait of Magellan,which was not officially named so until 1527.