红壤区不同水土保持措施对土壤抗蚀性的影响

Effects of Different Soil and Water Conservation Measures on Soil Erosion Resistance in Red Soil Region

[目的]研究南方红壤区不同水土保持措施下土壤抗蚀性的变化特征,为该地区的土壤抗蚀性研究和水土流失治理提供理论依据。[方法]以江西水土保持生态科技园内柑橘园试验区的裸地对照、柑橘净耕、柑橘+全园植草、柑橘+水平梯田处理为研究对象,通过野外采样和室内试验相结合的方法,研究不同处理、不同深度下土壤抗蚀性。[结果]0—20 cm土层,柑橘+全园植草的土壤抗蚀性最强,柑橘+水平梯田和柑橘净耕次之且二者无显著差异,裸地对照最差;20—40 cm土层,柑橘+全园植草和柑橘+水平梯田的土壤抗蚀性最强且二者无显著差异,柑橘净耕次之,裸地对照最差;相同处理下0—20 cm土层的土壤抗蚀性显著大于20—40 cm土层。[结论]水土保持措施能显著提高土壤抗蚀性,柑橘+全园植草的处理下土壤抗蚀性最强。建议在该区域采用林草复合的措施提高植被覆盖度,以加强土壤抗蚀性。

[Objective]The change characteristics of soil erosion resistance under different soil and water conservation measures in the red soil area of Southern China were determined in order to provide a theoretical basis for the study of soil erosion resistance and soil erosion control in this region.[Methods]Soil erosion resistance under different treatments and at different depths was studied by field sampling and indoor experimental analysis for bare land(control),citrus net tillage,citrus+planting grass,and citrus+horizontal terrace in a citrus orchard experimental area in the Jiangxi Eco-technology Garden for Soil and Water Conservation.[Results]In the 0—20 cm soil layer,citrus+planting grass produced the strongest soil erosion resistance,followed by citrus+horizontal terrace,and citrus net tillage.There were no significant differences between these treatments,but bare land was the worst.In the 20—40 cm soil layer,citrus+planting grass and citrus+horizontal terrace had the strongest soil erosion resistance(with no significant difference between these two treatments),followed by citrus net tillage.The bare land was the worst.For any given treatment,the soil erosion resistance of the 0—20 cm soil layer was significantly greater than the erosion resistance of the 20—40 cm soil layer.[Conclusion]Soil and water conservation measures can significantly improve soil erosion resistance,and soil erosion resistance was greatest under the citrus+planting grass treatment.We suggest using forest and grass together measure to improve vegetation coverage in this region so as to strengthen soil erosion resistance.