共同富裕目标下的乡村振兴与金融支持:一个新结构经济学视角的解读

Rural Revitalization and Financial Support Under the Goal of Common Prosperity:An Interpretation From the Perspective of New Structural Economics

金融如何更好地支持乡村振兴是事关共同富裕目标能否有效推进的重要议题。从新结构经济学的视角看,一方面,金融要在乡村振兴中充分发挥作用,既要因地制宜地与产业结构相匹配,又要与基础设施结构以及其他制度结构相匹配;另一方面,在共同富裕目标导向下,乡村振兴的推进既要按照“要素禀赋结构-产业结构-制度结构”的路径提升效率,又要注重建立收入的再分配机制以促进公平。因此,为推进共同富裕,金融支持乡村振兴,一是要考虑金融体系自身的完善,促进生产要素在城乡间的有效畅通;二是要增强与当地产业的适配度,推进金融的供给侧改革,提供符合产业发展的金融产品;三是要完善农村金融发展所需要的配套制度体系,使得金融体系更好地发挥作用;四是要通过财政和政策性金融支持乡村建设等公益属性的措施,降低交易成本提高产业竞争力的同时将资源向农业农村适当“转移倾斜”;五是加强金融服务不同类型农户的广度和深度,助力农民收入的可持续增长,促进收入分配的公平性。

How finance can better support rural revitalization is an important issue related to whether the goal of common prosperity can be effectively promoted.From the perspective of New Structural Economics,on the one hand,finance should be appropriate to the industrial structure based on local conditions and match the infrastructure structure and other institutional structures in order to greatly contributing to rural revitalization.On the other hand,under the goal of common prosperity,the promotion of rural revitalization should not only improve efficiency according to the path of“factor endowment structure-industrial structure-institutional structure”,but also pay attention to the establishment of income redistribution mechanism to promote equity.Therefore,in order to take advantage of finance to support rural revitalization and promote common prosperity,we need to firstly consider the improvement of the financial system itself to accelerate the effective and smooth flow of production factors between urban and rural areas;secondly enhance the financial adaptability to local industries,push on the supply side reform of finance,and provide financial products that meet the needs of industrial development;thirdly facilitate the supporting system for rural financial development to help the financial system play a better role;fourthly reduce transaction costs and improve industrial competitiveness through public welfare measures such as fiscal and policy finance support for rural construction,while appropriately"transferring"resources to agriculture and rural areas;fifthly strengthen the breadth and depth of financial services for different types of farmers to help farmers’income grow sustainably and improve the fairness of income distribution.