不同农户群体视角下推进农民农村共同富裕:分化演进、关键因素与思路举措

Promoting Common Prosperity of Farmers and Rural Areas From the Perspective of Different Farmer Groups:Differentiation and Evolution,Key Factors and Measures

聚焦不同农户群体分化演进和增收举措,对实现农民农村共同富裕、契合中国式现代化本质要求,具有理论和现实意义。论文基于国家统计局收入数据和全国农村固定观察点微观农户入户调查数据,对不同收入组别、不同类型农户分化演进脉络进行分析。不同收入组别农户呈现绝对收入差距扩大、相对差距先增后减、差距逐渐缩小等趋势。对于不同类型农户,收入视角下农户分化演进呈现出工资性收入贡献与分化后属性强化的特征,即务农收入占比下降推动纯农户渐进分化为兼业农户,而工资性收入增加助推兼业一型农户向兼业二型农户分化,并进一步强化纯务工型农户属性。文化健康消费视角下农户分化演进呈现出保险支出增加、卫生支出下降、教育支出强化的趋势。而多元化因素耦合共生影响是导致不同群体增收差异的重要因素,在此基础上提出促进不同农户群体增收致富的思路和举措。

Focusing on the differentiation and evolution of different farmer groups and income increase measures has theoretical and practical significance for achieving common prosperity of farmers and rural areas and meeting the essential requirements of Chinese path to modernization.Based on the income data of the National Bureau of Statistics and the survey data of micro-farmer households at the national fixed observation point,the paper analyzes the evolution of the differentiation of different income groups and different types of farmers.The absolute income gap of farmers in different income groups has expanded,the relative gap has increased first and then decreased,and the gap has gradually narrowed.For different types of farmers,the evolution of farmers’differentiation from the perspective of income shows the characteristics of wage income contribution and strengthened attributes after differentiation,that is,the decline of the proportion of agricultural income promotes the gradual differentiation of pure farmers into part-time farmers,while the increase of wage income boosts the differentiation of part-time farmers into part-time farmers,and further strengthens the attributes of pure migrant farmers.From the perspective of cultural and health consumption,the evolution of rural household differentiation shows the trend of increasing insurance expenditure,decreasing health expenditure and strengthening education expenditure.The coupling and symbiotic influence of diversified factors is an important factor that leads to the difference in income increase of different groups.On this basis,this paper puts forward ideas and measures to promote the income increase and prosperity of different farmer groups.