从“两个结合”看史华慈的毛泽东研究

Schwartz’s Researches on Mao Zedong from “Two Combinations”

史华慈对毛泽东及其思想的研究,整体上呈现出态度理性、内容丰富、视角新颖、方法多样等特点,他不仅强调“学理化”,在政治与意识形态的夹缝中推动毛泽东研究走向学术化,而且强调“多元化”,通过运用不同方法、不同视角图绘出毛泽东“人物肖像”,还强调“人文化”,基于人类社会共同关切的又“无法获得确解的问题”,跨越时间和空间的界限,探究毛泽东及其思想的“普遍性”意义。当然,史华慈基于特定的知识背景、学科意识、价值旨归,其研究呈现出与国内不同的“异域色彩”,其中不乏误读与理论局限性。因而,我们应该从“两个结合”视角出发理解和把握史华慈的相关研究。

Benjamin Schwartz’s researches to Mao Zedong and his thought is overall rational in attitude, rich in content, innovative in perspective, and diverse in approach. He not only emphasizes “theorization”, pushing the researches on Mao Zedong toward academicization in the gap between politics and ideology. Moreover, he highlights “diversification” and draws the “portrait of Mao Zedong” by applying different methods and perspectives. He also underlines the “humanization” by exploring the “universal” significance of Mao Zedong and his thought across the boundaries of time and space based on the common concerns of human society that “fails to be definitely resolved”. Admittedly, Schwartz’s studies presents a different “exotic color” from that in China based on his distinctive knowledge background, discipline consciousness, and value purposes, among which there are misinterpretations and theoretical limitations. Therefore, we should understand and grasp Schwartz’s research from the perspective of “Two Combinations”.