从胡适的“古诗今译”看现代与传统的纠葛——以《节妇吟》的翻译为中心

Analyzing the Entanglement Between Modernity and Tradition from Hu Shi’s Translation of Classical Poems:With a Focus on the Translation of Jiefu Yin

胡适《译张籍的〈节妇吟〉有跋》是创造性翻译,集中体现了现代与传统的纠葛。首先,译诗转化传统思想,大幅削减封建礼教色彩,反对旧道德,但仍然是折中的转化,体现了过渡时期正在形成的价值观念;其次,在内容和形式方面均指向新诗探索,体现出既摆脱又利用传统的复杂关系,“今译”是新诗的实验方式;最后,译诗婉转寄托胡适个人情感,表现了他在传统婚姻和自由恋爱矛盾中的微妙心理。从《节妇吟》的翻译可以看出,现代与传统的纠葛于“五四”知识分子而言具有多重意义,“今译”是新旧文化磨合的体现。

Hu Shi’s Translation of Zhang Ji’s Jiefu Yin with Postscript is a creative translation, which embodies three aspects of modern and traditional conflicts. First, the translation of the poem transforms the traditional thoughts, greatly reduces the color of feudal ethics, and opposes the old morality, but it is still a compromise transformation, which embodies the values being formed in the transitional period. Secondly, it points to the exploration of modern poetry at the dual level of content and form, which reflects the complex relation between getting rid of and using the tradition. Modern translation is an experimental way of modern poetry, which promotes the development of modern poetry. Thirdly, the translated poem expresses the subtle psychology of traditional marriage and free love. From its translation, it can be seen that the entanglement of modernity and tradition has multiple meanings for the intellectuals of the May 4th Movement, and modern translation is the embodiment of the integration of the old and new cultures.