论中国共产党的“类本质”——兼谈西方政党类型学研究的理论缺陷

On Type Nature of the Communist Party of China——On Theoretical Defects of Studies of Western Political Party Typology

“从来不代表任何利益集团、任何权势团体、任何特权阶层的利益”的重大宣示表明,中国共产党是一个超越了西方语境下任何一种政党理论内涵的政党,她在历史起源上、在功能特征上、在内在本质上都与西方政党有着重大区别,使得中国共产党作为一种特殊的政党类型呈现出更加鲜明的特征。在以西方为主导的政党类型学研究中,中国共产党要么被误读,要么被污名化。究其原因主要在于现有政党类型学研究立足于国家与社会二分法来确定政党的位置,这种理论模型本身是存在缺陷的。从百年党史来看,中国共产党很难用国家与社会的二分法来定位,她与人民一体同构的关系,正是她区别于其他一切落后政党、保守政党、剥削阶级政党最本质的内容,因而“人民性”与“阶级性”的有机统一就构成了中国共产党的“类本质”。

The major statement that “ we never represent the interests of any interest group, powerful group or privileged class” of the CPC(Communist Party of China) changed the narrative logic and theoretical premise of the bourgeois political party completely. It shows that the CPC transcends every political party in theoretical connotation in the Western context. The CPC differs differs from Western political parties in terms of historical origin, functional characteristics and inherent nature, which enables her to present more distinctive features as a special type of political party. However, the CPC has been either misinterpreted or stigmatized in Western-dominated research on party typology. The main reason is that existing studies on political party typology are based on the dichotomy of state and society to determine the position of political parties, which is a flawed theoretical model. From the perspective of the hundred years history of the CPC, it is difficult to position her using the dichotomy of state and society. The isomorphic relationship between the CPC and the people is the nature that differentiates her from all backward parties, conservative parties, and parties of the exploiting class. It is the ontological difference between the CPC and other political parties, including the Communist Party of the Soviet Union. Therefore, The organic unity of class nature and people character constitutes the “type” nature of the Communist Party of China.