理念趋同、法益契合与规范衔接:环境法典与刑法典的协调适用

Convergence of Ideas, Conformity of Legal Interests and Convergence of Norms:Coordinated Application of Environmental Code and Criminal Code

风险社会中环境污染风险日益严峻,环境法需要在既有规范文件的基础上进行适度法典化整合,同时也需要刑法典进行保障和配合。环境法典和刑法典在配合适用上陷入困境,是因为两者在立法理念、保护法益上存在差别,并演化成规范衔接上的龃龉。当下刑法典遵从积极刑法观的价值指引,本质上和环境法典适用范围扩张的现实需求相吻合,所以在趋同的扩张理念下以积极立法来共同应对环境污染威胁并进行前置性预防。在保护法益层面,环境法典围绕生态法益展开,而刑法典基于生态学的人类中心法益论,两者在生态法益上取得共识,并基于生态法益强化法律解释层面的联系。伴随环境法典的体系化发展,环境犯罪作为法定犯,应该强化行政从属性特征,将犯罪构成和量刑要素转移到环境法典中,采用行政刑法的模式增强立法的科学性和人本性,并利用系统化的环境法典提供实质出罪路径。

Environmental pollution risk is increasingly serious in risk society, so the environmental code needs to be appropriately codified and integrated on the basis of the existing environmental laws and regulations, and at the same time, the guarantee and cooperation of the criminal code isneeds. The difficulty in the coordination and application of the environmental code and the criminal code is due to the differences in legislative ideas and protection interests between the two codes, which have evolved into discord in the convergence of norms.The current criminal code is guided by the value of the positive criminal law concept, which is in essence consistent with the actual needs of the expansion of the applicable scope of the environmental code, and under the convergent expansion concept, positive legislation is employed to jointly cope with the threat of pollution and carry out pre-prevention. At the level of protection interests, the environmental code focuses on the ecological legal interests, while the criminal code is based on the ecological human-centered theory of legal interests. The two have reached a consensus on the ecological legal interests and strengthened the connection at the level of legal interpretation based on the ecological legal interests. With the systematic development of the environmental code, the environmental crime, as a legal crime, should strengthen the characteristics of administrative subordination, transfer the elements of crime composition and sentencing to the environmental code, use the model of administrative criminal law to enhance the science and human nature of legislation, and make use of the systematic environmental code to provide a substantial path of crime.