铁路除沙车推沙阻力及推沙曲面优化研究

The Bionic Optimization and Research on the Sand Pushing Resistance of Railway Desanding Vehicle

为了减小铁路除沙车推沙装置在推沙过程中的工作阻力和提高推沙效率,基于仿生学原理,选取了3种动物(棕熊、田鼠、家鼠)作为仿生对象。把仿生对象的爪趾内轮廓线作为推沙板触沙曲面的准线原型,通过进一步分析拟合后的仿生准线二阶导数和曲率,根据这些数据,建立了仿生推沙板在内的6种不同的推沙板。通过离散元仿真模拟,对比了6种推沙板在推沙过程中受到的阻力情况。研究表明,在相同条件下,推沙板受到的水平阻力与受到的总阻力很接近,因此水平阻力是影响推沙板工作效率的主要因素;仿生推沙板所受阻力相对于平面板和圆弧板都低,其中田鼠型仿生推沙板所受阻力最低。不同准线形式的仿生推沙板研究对减少推沙阻力有着重要指导意义。

In order to reduce the working resistance of the railway sand removal vehicle during the process of pushing sand and improve the efficiency of sand pushing,based on the principle of bionics,three animals(brown bear,field mouse,and house mouse)were selected as bionic objects.Taking the inner contour line of the claw toe of the bionic object as the prototype of the sand-touching surface of the sand pushing board,and further analyzing the second derivative and curvature of the fitted bionic guideline,based on these data,six bionic sand pushing board were established.Through discrete element simulation,the resistance of six sand-pushing boards were compared during the process of working.The research shows that under the same conditions:The horizontal resistance of the sand pushing board is very close to the total resistance,and resistance is the main factor that affects the efficiency of the sand pushing board.The resistance of the bionic sand pushing board is lower than that of the flat board and the arc board,and the resistance of the vole type bionic sand pushing board is the lowest.The research on the bionic sand pushing board with different alignment forms has important guiding significance for reducing sand pushing resistance.