基于结构方程模型的驾驶特征研究

Research on Driving Characteristics Based on Structural Equation Model

探究驾驶特征与驾驶安全之间的关系,并提出有效的驾驶建议和安全控制方法,可以显著提高驾驶安全性。但是驾驶特征的影响变量多且复杂,并且变量之间的相互关系不容易被识别。研究探讨了驾驶安全与驾驶特征之间的关系,其中驾驶特征包括驾驶员特征、环境特征和车辆特征。采用上海自然驾驶实验数据,基于结构方程模型构建驾驶安全相关变量之间的复杂关系,16个变量在结构方程模型中被分组为5个具有良好适应度的潜在变量。模型结果表明,与其他变量相比,年龄对驾驶员特征潜变量的贡献度最大,该变量显著影响驾驶安全(老年的驾驶员表现出更高的危险驾驶倾向)。恶劣的天气对驾驶安全产生了负面影响(致使驾驶人变为较低的速度和较高的横向加速度)。综上,研究表明年龄较大的司机、恶劣的天气和速度较高的情况下驾驶安全水平较低。此外,驾驶员特征和环境特征是影响驾驶安全性的主要因素。

Driving safety could be significantly improved with efective driving suggestion and safety control if the relationship between driving characteristics and driving safety can be explored.However,driving characteristics are complex,and the associated interrelationships among variables are not easily identified.This research explores the relationship between driving safety and driving characteristics which include driver characteristics,environment and vehicle characteristics.The data in this paper was based on Shanghai Naturalistic Driving Study.Then a structural equation model adopted to capture the complex relationships among driving safety analysis related variables.Finally,16 variables are grouped into 5 latent variables in the SEM with a good fitness.The result shows that compared with other variables,age is most positively afected driver characteristics,which in turn afects the risky behavior(Older drivers showed a higher tendency of risky driving).Adverse weather negatively afected driving safety(lower speed and high longitude acceleration).Generally,it shows that the older drivers,adverse weather and high-speed operation exhibited lower levels of driving safety than did other groups.Besides,the result shows that driver behavior and the environment are the main factors to influence risky behavior.