去留之间:唐代官员对“七十致仕”多元的传统认知

Between retiring and staying:officials'multiple cognition of tradition“retiring at the age of seventy”in the Tang Dynasty

唐代官员对“七十致仕”的传统认识主要分为三类:一是对主动致仕的肯定,包括未及七十和年及七十两种情形;二是对年高体健在任的认同;三是对年过七十不致仕的批判,包括不伏致仕和形神衰耗两种情形。在对致仕的传统认知上,唐人表现出实事求是的态度,以健康因素为主要标准,以年龄因素为辅助标准。身体康健的年高官员,龄过七十而留任,亦可获得认同;形神衰弱,年龄不及七十的官员亦应主动致仕。唐人根据实际情形而对“七十致仕”的传统进行符合自身需求的解读。

Officials'multiple cognition of tradition“retiring at the age of seventy”in the Tang Dynasty can be divided into three types.One was the recognition of active retirement,including officials who retired before the age of seventy and at the age of seventy.The second was the recognition of remaining in office over the age of seventy if they were in health and full of energy.The third was the criticism of not retiring over the age of seventy,including being reluctant to retired or showing unmistakable signs of senility.People showed a practical and realistic attitude towards retirement.Health factors were taken as the main standard while age as the secondary one.Healthy senior officials who remained in office after the age of seventy may also be accepted,while officials with the decay of vitality should also retired before the age of seventy.According to the situation,people in the Tang Dynasty reasonably interpreted the tradition of retiring at the age of seventy to meet their own needs.