不同减肥增效模式对毛白菜产量和品质的影响

Effects of different fertilizer reduction and efficiency increasing modes on yield and quality of Chinese cabbage

为阐明不同减肥增效模式下土壤和作物各指标的变化规律,采用田间小区试验研究了不同减肥措施对毛白菜产量、品质及土壤理化性质的影响。结果表明,不同化肥减量措施中推荐施肥的毛白菜产量最高,为31945 kg/hm^(2),减肥增效措施下,毛白菜的产量比农民习惯种植增加30.85%~43.26%,叶片中的硝酸盐含量降低16.54%~28.33%,可溶性蛋白质含量增加4.96%~11.83%,维生素C和可溶性糖含量无明显变化,其中施用有机肥替代化肥的措施毛白菜品质最佳。减肥后毛白菜的氮素积累量增加13.20%~25.70%,磷素和钾素积累量无明显差异。施用水溶肥的农学效率为95.39 kg/kg,明显高于其他处理,农民习惯施肥的农学效率最低,仅为24.23 kg/kg。施肥能改善土壤理化性质,但一季毛白菜种植对土壤的pH和EC值无明显影响,施用有机肥后土壤中有机质含量、矿质态氮、有效磷和速效钾含量也明显高于其他施肥处理。综上所述,综合考虑毛白菜产量品质、肥料农学效率和培肥土壤,施用有机肥和水溶肥可以达到较好的效果。

In order to clarify the changes of soil and crop indexes under different fertilizer reduction and efficiency enhancement modes,field plot experiments were conducted to study the effects of different fertilizer reduction measures on the yield,quality and soil physical and chemical properties of Chinese cabbage.The results showed that among the different fertilizer reduction measures,the yield of pakchoi recommended for fertilization was the highest,which was 31945 kg/hm^(2).Under the fertilizer reduction and efficiency increase measures,the yield of pakchoi increased by 30.85%~43.26%,the content of nitrate in leaves decreased by 16.54%~28.33%,the content of soluble protein increased by 4.96%~11.83%,and the content of VC and soluble sugar did not change significantly.The quality of Chinese cabbage was the best by applying organic fertilizer instead of chemical fertilizer.After fertilizer reduction,the nitrogen accumulation of Chinese cabbage increased by 13.20%~25.70%,and there was no significant difference in phosphorus and potassium accumulation.The agronomic utilization rate of water-soluble fertilizer was 95.39 kg/kg,which was significantly higher than that of other treatments.The agronomic efficiency of farmers'habitual fertilization was the lowest,only 24.23 kg/kg.Fertilization could improve soil physical and chemical properties,but the planting of one season Chinese cabbage had no significant effect on soil pH and EC value.After the application of organic fertilizer,the contents of organic matter,mineral nitrogen,available phosphorus and available potassium in the soil were also significantly higher than those of other fertilization treatments.In conclusion,considering the yield and quality of Chinese cabbage,fertilizer agronomic efficiency and soil fertility,applying organic fertilizer and water-soluble fertilizer could achieve better results.