施魅者、诊断机器与“科学狂人”:《德拉库拉》中的医生形象与职业信任危机

Charmer, Diagnostic Machine and Mad Scientist:Surgeons and Career Crisis in Dracula

本文聚焦布拉姆·斯托克小说《德拉库拉》中范海辛、苏厄德两位医生角色的形象塑造,从19世纪医学社会史的角度考察他们在狩猎吸血鬼过程中经历的职业迷茫和医患矛盾。受科学主义和进步话语的大环境影响,医生选择借施魅找回职业威信,用自我机器化缓解身份焦虑。但种种自救都以失败告终,两人最终异化为偏执的“科学狂人”。同时,本文对维多利亚时代医学话语与工具理性的捆绑现象进行反思,并对人文关怀缺失的诊疗模式做出批判。

Focusing on the portrayal of two surgeons in Bram Stoker’s novel Dracula, this paper attempts to re-examine Dr. Van Helsing and Dr. Seward’s career confusion and doctor-patient conflicts from the perspective of the social history of medicine in the 19th century. Influenced by Scientism and Progressive Discourse, they decided to regain professional prestige by acting like charmers and alleviate their identity anxiety through self-mechanization. But all these solutions were doomed to failure, and they eventually become paranoid science maniacs. By lamenting the incursion of Instrumental Rationality into clinical practice, the paper critically retrospects on the lack of humanitarianism in Victorian medical system and clinical activities.