宪法和法律委员会在合宪性审查中的功能定位

The Function Position of the Constitution and Law Committee in Constitutional Review

宪法第五次修改将法律委员会修改为宪法和法律委员会,其职责已由全国人大常委会在相关文件中予以明确。其核心职能之一便是推进合宪性审查工作。宪法和法律委员会的设立有助于增强宪法解释的适用可能性、提高审查工作的协同性、优化合宪性审查机构设置及职能配置。然而,实践中发现,宪法和法律委员会在履职过程中存在程序规则缺失、责任规范缺失、制度建构失衡等现实困境。要完善其在合宪性审查中的功能,就必须完善程序规范与责任规范,统筹合宪性审查与备案审查的关系。

In the Fifth Amendment to the Constitution, the Law Committee of the NPC was changed into the Constitution and Law Committee of the NPC, whose responsibilities have been clarified in relevant documents the NPC Standing Committee, and promoting constitutionality review is its core function. The establishment of the Constitution and Law Commission will help enhance the applicability of the interpretation of the Constitution, improve the coordination of the constitutional review, and optimize the structure of the constitutional review organization and power allocation. However, in practice, it is found that Constitution and Law Committee of the NPC has some difficulties in performing its duties, such as lack of procedural rules, lack of responsibility norms and imbalance of system construction. In order to perfect its function in the constitutionality review, we must perfect the procedure standard and responsibility standard, clarify and coordinate the relationship between the constitutionality review and the record review.