专本一体化课程衔接:日本《示范核心课程指南》的经验及启示

Curriculum Connection between Higher Vocational Education and Vocational Undergraduate Education:Experience and Enlightenment of Japan’s Demonstration Core Curriculum Guidance

我国已初步建立了现代职业教育体系,但目前还未以宏观的标准和制度引领人才培养的规范化,课程与教学等具体领域的标准指导还停留在推荐执行层次。《示范核心课程指南》是日本高等职业教育办学的指导标准及纲领性文件,对日本职业教育体系建设发挥了重要的作用。通过对《示范核心课程指南》的解析,发现其特征主要体现在:育人目标基于能力本位与分级进阶、课程理念坚持本土特色与国际接轨并进、课程设计实现纵向贯通与横向融通、课程实施依托PDCA循环质量保障体系。结合《示范核心课程指南》的经验,未来我国专本衔接课程应建立一体化的课程标准体系,服务学生生涯发展“立交桥”;遵循技能型人才成长规律,实现课程内容紧密有序衔接;聚焦技能型人才培养实效,完善课程实施与质量保障机制。

China has initially established a modern vocational education system,but at present,the standardization of personnel training has not been led by macro standards and systems.In specific fields such as curriculum and teaching,the standard guidance is still at the recommendation level for implementation.Demonstration core curriculum guidance is the guiding standards and programmatic document for the running of higher vocational education in Japan,playing an important role in the construction of Japan′s vocational education system.Through its analysis,the guidance shows characteristics as follows.Education goals are competency-based and advanced at different levels.Curriculum concepts adhere to the connection between local characteristics and international standards.The curriculum design has achieved vertical and horizontal integration.The curriculum implementation relies on the PDCA cycle quality assurance system.Based on its experiences,an integrated curriculum standard system should be established to serve students′career development.In addition,it needs to achieve close and well-organized content connection by following the development regularity of skilled talents.What’s more,it requires to improve the curriculum implementation and quality assurance mechanism by focusing on the effectiveness of skilled personnel training.