体系化尼采哲学的尝试

An Attempt to Systematize Nietzsche’s Philosophy

在尼采研究中,人们普遍认为尼采哲学是“非体系的”或“反体系的”,因而拒绝对其进行体系化的解读。然而,尼采哲学的核心概念之间呈现出紧密的关联,有必要找出尼采思想尤其是其“重估一切价值”的内在统一性。从世界和万物的“实然”即权力意志出发可以总结出尼采的存在论。同时,由权力意志还可以引申出视角论,因为所有权力量子在相互斗争中都试图统治彼此并将自己的视角强加给他者。视角论否定绝对者和世界全景,这必然会导致虚无主义。从永恒轮回学说和超人理念入手,尼采试图在价值论上克服虚无主义,以此重估一切价值,批判传统哲学和基督教道德,强调差异、等级秩序和主人道德。

In Nietzsche studies,it is commonly held that Nietzsche’s philosophy is“non-systematic”or“anti-systematic”and therefore any systematic reading of his philosophy is rejected.However,because the core concepts of his philosophy are closely interrelated,it is necessary to identify the inner unity of his thought,especially his“revaluation of all values”.Nietzsche’s ontology can be summarized as the axiom that the“essence”of the world and everything is the will to power.At the same time,the will to power also leads to perspectivism,since all quanta of power seek to dominate each other in their struggle against each other and to impose their own perspective on others.Perspectivism denies the Absolute and the panorama of the world,which inevitably leads to nihilism.Starting with the doctrine of eternal recurrence and the idea of the overman,Nietzsche attempts to overcome nihilism in axiology,as a way of revaluing all values,criticizing traditional philosophy and Christian morality,emphasizing difference,hierarchical order,and master morality.