国内外油气田储罐挥发性有机物排放量计算方法研究

Research on Calculation Method of Volatile Organic Compounds Emission from Oil and Gas Field Storage Tanks at Home and Abroad

近年来,国家为加强污染物及环境治理陆续制定并发布了GB 37822—2019《挥发性有机物无组织排放标准》和GB39728—2020《陆上石油天然气开采工业大气污染物排放标准》等系列标准,对油气田挥发性有机物(VOCs)排放控制、监测和监督管理提出了更明确、更严格的要求。油气田生产各环节中储罐VOCs排放量占比最高,储罐VOCs的有效控制,其排放量测算是关键工作之一。国内化工行业“十三五”期间开展了系列的VOCs治理防控工作,逐渐形成较为成熟的储罐VOCs测算方法和标准,但目前针对国内油气田储罐VOCs管控领域仍缺乏科学、统一的计算方法,已有的国内外核算方法在计算过程中存在一定的不适应性。文章介绍了美国、日本和中国化工行业储罐VOCs排放核算方法,并对3种方法的优缺点进行了对比分析,结合油气田地面设施生产特点,发现国内外现有的计算方法应用在油气田领域存在的问题,提出一套优化简洁的油气田地面储罐设施VOCs排放量计算方法,并就中石油上游VOCs治理和管控现状提出合理化建议。

In recent years,in order to strengthen the treatment of pollutants and environment,the state has successively formulated and issued a series of standards such as the unorganized emission standard of volatile organic compounds(GB 37822—2019)and the emission standard of air pollutants for onshore oil and gas exploitation industry(GB 39728—2020),which put forward clearer and stricter requirements for the emission control,monitoring,supervision and management of volatile organic compounds(VOCs)from oil and gas fields.The VOCs emission from storage tanks accounts for the highest proportion in all links of oil and gas field production.The calculation of VOCs emission from storage tanks is one of the key works for the effective control of VOCs.During the 13th Five Year Plan period,the domestic chemical industry has carried out a series of VOCs management and control work,and gradually formed a more mature calculation method and standard of VOCs in storage tanks.However,at present,there is still lack of scientific and unified calculation method for the management and control of VOCs in domestic oil and gas field storage tanks.The existing accounting methods at home and abroad are not adaptable in the calculation process.This paper introduces the VOCs emission accounting methods of storage tanks in the chemical industry in the United States,Japan and China,compares and analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of the three methods,combined with the production characteristics of oil and gas field surface facilities,finds the problems existing in the application of existing calculation methods at home and abroad in the field of oil and gas fields,and puts forward a set of optimized and concise VOCs emission calculation method of oil and gas field surface storage tank facilities.It also puts forward reasonable suggestions on the current situation of VOCs governance and control in the upstream of PetroChina.