从颜色之辩探究藏传佛教辩经的论证形式

Exploring the Rules of Tibetan Buddhist Debate from the Color Debate

藏传佛教辩经是印度因明在藏区传播发展中逐渐被本土化所形成的一门独特学问。辩经过程中,反驳者在敌论者的根本观点中找出反例,以应成式发问,确立“因”与“周遍”关系,保证每一步推理的有效性。在具体的论证过程中采用归谬法,因此,论辩的关键就转换为如何寻找能被敌论者所接受的因,一旦找到这个“阿基米德支点”,就能使敌论者主动放弃原来的根本观点。至于敌论者则须以承许、因不成、不周遍和周遍相违四种方式来回答。这样的辩论方式能有效地排除矛盾,充分发挥参与者的理性,所以,藏传辩经的方式是一种很好的思维训练途径。

Tibetan debate is a unique knowledge which has been gradually localized in the development of Tibetan communication by Indian enlightenment.There are many logical rules in the debate.The refuter finds the counter example from the basic view of the opponent,and asks questions with consequence,and guarantees the validity of each step of reasoning by establishing the relationship between reason(hetu)and pervasion(vyāpti).Reduction to absurdity is adopted in the process of concrete argumentation.The key to the argument,therefore,is to find a cause that can be accepted by the opponents.Once the Archimedean point is found,the opponents can voluntarily abandon their original fundamental point of view.As for the opponents,they must answer in four ways:1)I accept.2)The reason is not established.3)There is no pervasion.4)There is a contradictory to the pervasion.Such ways of debate can effectively eliminate conflicts and give full play to the rationality of the participants.Therefore,Tibetan debate is a good way of thinking training.