莱布尼茨的两大推理原则间的辩证关系

The Dialectical Relationship between the Two Principles of Reasoning of Leibniz Logic

莱布尼茨发现在进行推理时,仅靠矛盾原则是不够的,因为用矛盾原则推理出的知识虽然可靠,但却不一定有用,他明确提出充足理由原则以补充矛盾原则的不足。莱布尼茨对两大推理原则的关系并未做出明确界定,通过反证法,即假设两大推理原则的辩证关系不成立,不仅会导致其哲学逻辑思想大厦的崩塌,而且在人的日常思维活动以及现实应用中会导致人们难以接受的逻辑错误。两大推理原则是莱布尼茨哲学逻辑思想体系得以建立的基石,同时是人们日常思维活动及其他具体学科的重要思维原则。分清两大推理原则之间的关系,对莱布尼茨哲学逻辑思想和现代科学思维研究具有重要的理论价值。

Leibniz found that in reasoning,the principle of contradiction alone is not enough,because the knowledge deduced from the principle of contradiction,although reliable,is not necessarily useful,he explicitly proposes the principle of sufficient reason to supplement the deficiencies of the principle of contradiction.Leibniz did not clearly define the relationship between the two principles of reasoning,and through the method of counter-evidence,that is,assuming that the dialectical relationship between the two principles of reasoning was not established,it would not only lead to the collapse of the edifice of his philosophical logic,but also lead to logical errors that are difficult for people to accept in people’s daily thinking activities and practical applications,proving that the two principles of reasoning are both independent and interrelated,and are dialectically unified.The two principles of reasoning are the cornerstones of Leibniz’s philosophical and logical system of thought,and at the same time are important principles of thinking in people’s daily thinking activities and other specific disciplines.Distinguishing the relationship between the two principles of reasoning is of great theoretical value to leibniz’s philosophical and logical thought and the study of modern scientific thinking.