酸性矿井水中潜在可回收资源研究进展及技术应用

Research progress and technical application of potential recyclable resources in acid mine draine

酸性矿井水是采矿行业面临的严峻的环境问题,当前关于酸性矿井水的大量研究工作更侧重于最大限度降低酸性矿井水对环境的影响,而对酸性矿井水中丰富、有价值资源的回收则研究相对较少,如何高效地实现酸性矿井水中有价值资源的回收仍然是一个巨大的挑战。本文通过查阅当前世界各国对酸性矿井水资源化及相关技术的最新研究成果,全面系统地总结了酸性矿井水潜在的可回收资源及技术应用。酸性矿井水中潜在的可回收资源主要包括回用水、硫酸、金属和稀土元素,这些有价值资源的回收不仅能降低其对环境和生态安全的影响,而且还能为化学品和能源提供持续供应,并实现经济价值以抵消部分治理成本。此外,酸性矿井水中潜在有价值物质的回收技术主要有吸附法、生物吸附法、膜技术法和组合工艺。组合工艺是最理想的回收技术,不仅能高效地对酸性矿井水进行处理,还能实现水的再利用和有价值资源的回收。在此基础上,本文将资源回收和再利用作为酸性矿井水可持续的治理目标,并提出了酸性矿井水在资源化层面存在的问题和值得探索的方向。

Acid mine drain is an important environmental problem faced by mining industry.At present,a large amount of research work on acid mine draine is focused on minimizing the impact of acid mine water on environment,and relatively little on analysis and investigation of rich and valuable resources recycling of acid mine draine.In addition,how to efficiently recycle valuable resources from acid mine draine is still a huge challenge.Therefore,this paper comprehensively and systematically summarizes the potential recyclable resources and technical applications of acid mine draine by reviewing the latest research results of acid mine draine resources and related technologies in various countries around the world.Potential recyclable resources of acid mine draine mainly include recycled water,sulfuric acid,metals and rare earth elements.The recycling of valuable resources can not only reduce its impact on environment and ecological security,but also provide a continuous supply for chemicals and energy,realize economic value to offset some of the governance costs.In addition,the recycling technologies of potentially valuable substances of acid mine draine mainly include adsorption method,biological adsorption method,membrane technology method and combined process.The combined process is the most ideal recycling technology,which can not only efficiently treat acid mine draine,but also realize the reuse of water and the recycling of valuable resources.On this basis,this review regards resource recycling and reuse as the sustainable governance goal of acid mine water,and finally highlights the problems and directions worthy of exploration of acid mine water in terms of resource utilization.